Alloys comprised of a refined microstructure, ultrafine or nano scaled, that when reacted with water or any liquid containing water will spontaneously and rapidly produce hydrogen at ambient or elevated temperature are described. These metals, termed here as aluminum based nanogalvanic alloys will have applications that include but are not limited to energy generation on demand. The alloys may be composed of primarily aluminum and other metals e.g. tin bismuth, indium, gallium, lead, etc. and/or carbon, and mixtures and alloys thereof. The alloys may be processed by ball milling for the purpose of synthesizing powder feed stocks, in which each powder particle will have the above mentioned characteristics. These powders can be used in their inherent form or consolidated using commercially available techniques for the purpose of manufacturing useful functional components.

Alloys comprised of a refined microstructure, ultrafine or nano scaled, that when reacted with water or any liquid containing water will spontaneously and rapidly produce hydrogen at ambient or elevated temperature are described. These metals, termed here as aluminum based nanogalvanic alloys will have applications that include but are not limited to energy generation on demand. The alloys may be composed of primarily aluminum and other metals e.g. tin bismuth, indium, gallium, lead, etc. and/or carbon, and mixtures and alloys thereof. The alloys may be processed by ball milling for the purpose of synthesizing powder feed stocks, in which each powder particle will have the above mentioned characteristics. These powders can be used in their inherent form or consolidated using commercially available techniques for the purpose of manufacturing useful functional components.

Flow through reactors and related methods for use with slurries including water reactive particles are generally described.

Flow through reactors and related methods for use with slurries including water reactive particles are generally described.

A process for the production of hydrogen from an aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid in dissociated form is provided using an aqueous solution having there being present at least one electrode composed of a metal alloy containing a plurality of metals with different standard reduction potentials therein. The process having the following steps: reduction to hydrogen of the hydronium ions present in the solution, as a result of a flow of electrons generated in the electrode between pairs of metals, from the lower potential metal to the higher potential metal, and extraction of hydrogen thus obtained from the aqueous solution.

A process for the production of hydrogen from an aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid in dissociated form is provided using an aqueous solution having there being present at least one electrode composed of a metal alloy containing a plurality of metals with different standard reduction potentials therein. The process having the following steps: reduction to hydrogen of the hydronium ions present in the solution, as a result of a flow of electrons generated in the electrode between pairs of metals, from the lower potential metal to the higher potential metal, and extraction of hydrogen thus obtained from the aqueous solution.

A method for producing hydrogen by thermochemical splitting of water includes injecting one or more feed streams of water into a reaction chamber. The method further includes using heat from a subterranean heat source to carry out the thermochemical splitting of water to form hydrogen and oxygen in the reaction chamber. The formed products are subsequently removed from the reaction chamber.

A fuel precursor is provided for producing hydrogen fuel by reacting aluminium and water. The fuel precursor has aluminium particles suspended in a hydrophobic liquid such that when the fuel precursor is introduced to water, the suspended aluminium particles migrate to the water and react therewith to produce hydrogen. The suspended aluminium particles are non-spherical, angular particles. The surfaces of the suspended aluminium particles have substantially no oxide layer thereon

A fuel precursor is provided for producing hydrogen fuel by reacting aluminium and water. The fuel precursor has aluminium particles suspended in a hydrophobic liquid such that when the fuel precursor is introduced to water, the suspended aluminium particles migrate to the water and react therewith to produce hydrogen. The suspended aluminium particles are non-spherical, angular particles. The surfaces of the suspended aluminium particles have substantially no oxide layer thereon

A catalyst composition includes a liquid metal alloy having a melting point from about 20? C. to about 25? C., the liquid metal alloy including a primary metal and a secondary metal, the primary metal being aluminum and the secondary metal is selected from the group consisting of gallium, indium, and bismuth.