The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of a synthetic fuel comprising gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock comprising waste materials and/or biomass to generate a raw synthesis gas; supplying the raw synthesis gas to a primary clean-up zone to wash particulates and ammonia or HCl out of the raw synthesis gas; contacting the synthesis gas in a secondary clean-up zone with a physical solvent for sulphurous materials; contacting the desulphurised raw synthesis gas in a tertiary clean-up zone with a physical solvent for CO.sub.2 effective to absorb CO.sub.2; removing at least part of the absorbed CO.sub.2 in a solvent regeneration stage to recover CO.sub.2 in a form sufficiently pure for sequestration or other use; and supplying the clean synthesis gas to a further reaction train to generate a synthetic fuel.

An automatic control system (ACS) for capturing and utilizing carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) of one or more gases from one or more plants may receive, from one or more sensors, one or more parameters of at least one gas of one or more gases through a system gas flow inlet channel, a first volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through a plug flow reactor (PFR), a second volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through a bypass channel that bypasses the PFR, the CO.sub.2 flowing into the CO.sub.2 capture unit, or the syngas flowing into the CO.sub.2 capture unit. The ACS may also command one or more flow controllers to modulate at least one of the first volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through PFR or the second volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through the bypass channel based on the one or more parameters.

An automatic control system (ACS) for capturing and utilizing carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) of one or more gases from one or more plants may receive, from one or more sensors, one or more parameters of at least one gas of one or more gases through a system gas flow inlet channel, a first volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through a plug flow reactor (PFR), a second volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through a bypass channel that bypasses the PFR, the CO.sub.2 flowing into the CO.sub.2 capture unit, or the syngas flowing into the CO.sub.2 capture unit. The ACS may also command one or more flow controllers to modulate at least one of the first volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through PFR or the second volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through the bypass channel based on the one or more parameters.

A plant, such as a hydrocarbon plant, is provided, which has a syngas stage (A) for syngas generation and a synthesis stage (B) where said syngas is synthesized to produce syngas derived product, such as hydrocarbon product. The syngas stage (A) primarily includes electrically heated reverse water gas shift (e-RWGS) section. Additionally, an electrically-heated steam methane reforming (e-SMR) section (II) can be arranged in parallel to the e-RWGS section (I). The plant makes effective use of various streams; in particular CO2 and H2. A method for producing a product stream, such as a hydrocarbon product stream is also provided.

A plant, such as a hydrocarbon plant, is provided, which has a syngas stage (A) for syngas generation and a synthesis stage (B) where said syngas is synthesized to produce syngas derived product, such as hydrocarbon product. The syngas stage (A) primarily includes electrically heated reverse water gas shift (e-RWGS) section. Additionally, an electrically-heated steam methane reforming (e-SMR) section (II) can be arranged in parallel to the e-RWGS section (I). The plant makes effective use of various streams; in particular CO2 and H2. A method for producing a product stream, such as a hydrocarbon product stream is also provided.

The present invention relates to a process for removing carbon dioxide from synthesis gas using a hygroscopic, physical absorption medium. The process includes cooling the absorption medium and the synthesis gas; water is at least partially removed from the synthesis gas by condensation; carbon dioxide is removed from the cooled synthesis gas via the cooled absorption medium in a physical absorption step at elevated pressure; laden absorption medium is treated in a plurality of serially arranged flash stages, wherein co-absorbed carbon monoxide and hydrogen are removed from the laden absorption medium in at least one first flash stage, and carbon dioxide is removed from the laden absorption medium in a flash stage arranged downstream of the first flash stage. The process features a high rate of separated carbon dioxide and a pure and dry (anhydrous) carbon dioxide product. The invention further relates to a plant for performing the process.

The present invention relates to a process for removing carbon dioxide from synthesis gas using a hygroscopic, physical absorption medium. The process includes cooling the absorption medium and the synthesis gas; water is at least partially removed from the synthesis gas by condensation; carbon dioxide is removed from the cooled synthesis gas via the cooled absorption medium in a physical absorption step at elevated pressure; laden absorption medium is treated in a plurality of serially arranged flash stages, wherein co-absorbed carbon monoxide and hydrogen are removed from the laden absorption medium in at least one first flash stage, and carbon dioxide is removed from the laden absorption medium in a flash stage arranged downstream of the first flash stage. The process features a high rate of separated carbon dioxide and a pure and dry (anhydrous) carbon dioxide product. The invention further relates to a plant for performing the process.

As part of an integrated oxidative alkane dehydrogenation and hydrogen generation process, carbon dioxide from Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) off gas stream of Hydrogen Generation Unit (HGU), and alkane from any known source are sent to oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) unit for producing high value olefins, such as ethylene, propylene and butenes. Products formed from ODH reactor are separated and the stream comprising of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane are recycled to Shift reactor of HGU unit for enhanced production of hydrogen at PSA.

A process for the combined production of methanol and ammonia, wherein a reactant stream includes carbon monoxide is supplied to a recovery assembly to obtain first and second hydrogen-containing streams, each having an increased molar proportion of hydrogen compared to the reactant stream. The recovery assembly includes a shift conversion in which the carbon monoxide of at least one carbon monoxide-containing stream is at least partially converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide by reaction with steam to obtain a converted stream having hydrogen and carbon dioxide at least partially recycled to a hydrogen recovery from which the first and second hydrogen-containing streams are obtained. A nitrogen stream and, at least partially, the first hydrogen-containing stream are supplied to an ammonia reactor assembly for at least partial conversion into ammonia and, at least partially, the second hydrogen-containing stream is supplied to a methanol reactor assembly for at least partial conversion into the methanol.

A process for the combined production of methanol and ammonia, wherein a reactant stream includes carbon monoxide is supplied to a recovery assembly to obtain first and second hydrogen-containing streams, each having an increased molar proportion of hydrogen compared to the reactant stream. The recovery assembly includes a shift conversion in which the carbon monoxide of at least one carbon monoxide-containing stream is at least partially converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide by reaction with steam to obtain a converted stream having hydrogen and carbon dioxide at least partially recycled to a hydrogen recovery from which the first and second hydrogen-containing streams are obtained. A nitrogen stream and, at least partially, the first hydrogen-containing stream are supplied to an ammonia reactor assembly for at least partial conversion into ammonia and, at least partially, the second hydrogen-containing stream is supplied to a methanol reactor assembly for at least partial conversion into the methanol.