Process for cracking hydrocarbon gases, wherein the hydrocarbon gas is passed through a flow channel of an absorptive receiver reactor (1, 30, 40), characterized in that cracking takes place during the passing through the receiver reactor (1, 30, 40), wherein in a first region (21) of the flow channel (2) the hydrocarbon gas is heated to its cracking temperature, in an adjoining second, downstream flow region (22) is heated to beyond its cracking temperature and in a third, further downstream region (23) of the flow channel is heated yet further and is brought therein into physical contact, over the cross-section of said region, with a reaction accelerator, after which the stream of products downstream of the reaction accelerator is discharged from the receiver reactor (1, 30, 40), and wherein the heating of the hydrocarbon gas to above its cracking temperature is achieved by absorption of blackbody radiation (20) which is given off by the reaction accelerator heated by solar radiation (7) incident thereupon to the hydrocarbon gas flowing towards it, in such a way that the hydrocarbon gas in the flow channel (2) and extending up to the reaction accelerator forms disc-shaped, consecutive temperature zones (60 to 67) of ever-increasing temperature extending transversely to the flow channel (2).

Process for cracking hydrocarbon gases, wherein the hydrocarbon gas is passed through a flow channel of an absorptive receiver reactor (1, 30, 40), characterized in that cracking takes place during the passing through the receiver reactor (1, 30, 40), wherein in a first region (21) of the flow channel (2) the hydrocarbon gas is heated to its cracking temperature, in an adjoining second, downstream flow region (22) is heated to beyond its cracking temperature and in a third, further downstream region (23) of the flow channel is heated yet further and is brought therein into physical contact, over the cross-section of said region, with a reaction accelerator, after which the stream of products downstream of the reaction accelerator is discharged from the receiver reactor (1, 30, 40), and wherein the heating of the hydrocarbon gas to above its cracking temperature is achieved by absorption of blackbody radiation (20) which is given off by the reaction accelerator heated by solar radiation (7) incident thereupon to the hydrocarbon gas flowing towards it, in such a way that the hydrocarbon gas in the flow channel (2) and extending up to the reaction accelerator forms disc-shaped, consecutive temperature zones (60 to 67) of ever-increasing temperature extending transversely to the flow channel (2).

A multi-stage decomposition reactor and method for thermochemical decomposition (pyrolysis, cracking, direct decomposition) of a hydrocarbon feedstock of various compositions that may include mixtures. The feedstock in a supply flow passing through a heating stage is activated by raising its temperature to a decomposition temperature, dependent on the nature of the feedstock. The physical length of the heating stage and a velocity of flow once activated are tuned such that a heating residence time of the flow is shorter than an average decomposition onset time at the decomposition temperature (e.g., before 1% or more feedstock decomposition). The heating stage is followed by a decomposition stage that supports a decomposition residence time that is longer than the average decomposition onset time. A molten material can be present in the decomposition stage that can be rotated to facilitate mopping up of carbon depositions.

Provided is a solid carbon production facility including: a separation facility configured to separate a carbon dioxide gas contained in a produced gas produced by a blast furnace; a reaction facility configured to heat a fuel gas whose main component is a methane gas by using a heating facility and decompose the methane gas into solid carbon and a hydrogen gas; and a production facility configured to cause the carbon dioxide gas separated by the separation facility and the hydrogen gas decomposed by the reaction facility to react with each other to produce solid carbon and water.

Provided is a solid carbon production facility including: a separation facility configured to separate a carbon dioxide gas contained in a produced gas produced by a blast furnace; a reaction facility configured to heat a fuel gas whose main component is a methane gas by using a heating facility and decompose the methane gas into solid carbon and a hydrogen gas; and a production facility configured to cause the carbon dioxide gas separated by the separation facility and the hydrogen gas decomposed by the reaction facility to react with each other to produce solid carbon and water.

The present disclosure includes a process for pelletizing a spent bleaching earth (SBE) into a clay-biocarbon composite including classifying the SBE based on at least one parameter of the SBE, selecting at least one filler compound and mixing the at least one filler compound with the SBE to make a mixture, forming a plurality of pellets out of the mixture, and pyrolyzing the pellets to produce the clay-biocarbon composite. Pyrolyzing a pelleted spent bleaching earth (SBE) may include advancing the pelleted SBE with a distributer to a first thermal chamber for providing even thermal processing, releasing the pelleted SBE to an auger to cool to room temperature, and condensing at least one volatile compound emitted from the pelleted SBE during thermal processing to produce a condensate for reuse.

An improved power generation system and methods of its operation are provided, wherein the system combines: (i) a wave reformer, (ii) an optional second wave rotor, and (iii) a gas turbine in a flexible range of novel designs. Such a hybrid power generation system can thermally crack or decompose hydrocarbon fuel to produce a high-pressure fuel product, including mainly hydrogen and lead to a higher thermal efficiency than existing engines with low to no direct emission footprint.

A method of using a feedstock gas reactor is described. A hydrocarbon, such as methane, is chemical decomposed in the feedstock gas reactor using heat of combustion generated from the combustion of a combustible gas. A mixed product stream is extracted from the feedstock gas reactor. The mixed product stream comprises hydrogen, carbon, and water. At least a portion of the one or more combustion product gases are vented from the combustion chamber. At least some of the carbon is activated using the vented one or more combustion product gases. At least some of the activated carbon is recycled to the feedstock gas reactor.

A method of using a feedstock gas reactor is described. A hydrocarbon, such as methane, is chemical decomposed in the feedstock gas reactor using heat of combustion generated from the combustion of a combustible gas. A mixed product stream is extracted from the feedstock gas reactor. The mixed product stream comprises hydrogen, carbon, and water. At least a portion of the one or more combustion product gases are vented from the combustion chamber. At least some of the carbon is activated using the vented one or more combustion product gases. At least some of the activated carbon is recycled to the feedstock gas reactor.

The present application relates to a process for cracking a hydrocarbon feedstock, using to the largest extent electrically powered equipment where the power is obtained from renewable sources or low-carbon sources. In particular, it relates to a process for cracking a hydrocarbon feedstock, including bringing the hydrocarbon feedstock and dilution steam to supersonic velocities in the reactor, followed by applying a shockwave to induce cracking of the hydrocarbon feedstock, to convert at least a part of the hydrocarbon mixture to produce olefins.