Modular, portable processes and apparatus for the production of tight gas (including shale gas) and tight oil (including shale oil) and for the conversion of tight oil into a plurality of marketable fuels are described which enable easy deployment and start-up and are specifically useful in remote areas. Furthermore, these modular processes and apparatus are configured to use co-produced tight gas as a source of processing energy. Another feature of the modular processes is to substantially reduce the use of fracking water and process water. In some embodiments modular processes include (A) Purified Salt Production; (B) Modular Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Production; (C) Hydrogen Production by Autothermal Reformer; (D) Optimized Hydraulic Fracturing; (E) Desalting with Bi-Electric Configuration with an Interchanger; (F) Desalter Water Recovery and Recyclling; (G) Precut Column with a Gas-Fired Heater; (H) Crude Distillation with a Gas-Fired Heater; (I) Hydrodesulfurization using Reactive Distillation; and (J) Vacuum Distillation.

A process according to the invention is a process to separate an initial fluid stream comprising phosgene and hydrogen chloride in at least a first and a second fluid stream, said first fluid stream being a hydrogen chloride enriched and phosgene depleted gaseous stream, said second fluid stream being a hydrogen chloride depleted and phosgene enriched stream. The separation is performed by feeding said initial fluid stream to a membrane separation unit, said membrane separation unit separating said initial fluid stream in a first and a second fluid stream.

A dehydration method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes: a first dehydration step of bringing hydrogen chloride gas (21) and concentrated sulfuric acid (13A) into contact with each other; and a second dehydration step of bringing hydrogen chloride gas (21A) that has been obtained through the first dehydration step into contact with concentrated sulfuric acid (13B). A concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid used in the second dehydration step is higher than a concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid used in the first dehydration step.

The present invention provides a method including bringing hydrogen chloride gas into gas-liquid contact with crude hydrochloric acid that has a hydrogen chloride concentration of less than the saturation value and that contains low-boiling-point impurities, suitably at least one selected from hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, methane, ethylene, and acetylene, wherein the gas-liquid contact of the hydrogen chloride gas is further continued after the hydrogen chloride concentration reaches the saturation value until an excess amount of 0.1% or more of the mass of the saturated hydrochloric acid has been subjected to the contact treatment.

A hydrogen chloride loop fuel reaction is designed and configured for turbine/generator combination which can be used for automotive propulsion or as a standalone electrical generation or for auxiliary equipment. A method for providing a hydrogen chloride loop fuel reaction includes creating hydrogen chloride fuel in a sealed furnace vessel, wherein at start up, the sealed furnace vessel is vacuumed out and hydrogen and chlorine are injected into a burner and ignited resulting in the hydrogen chloride fuel in an exhaust stream of the sealed furnace vessel; and looping the hydrogen chloride fuel leaving the sealed furnace vessel in the exhaust stream of the sealed furnace vessel.