Systems and methods for producing chlorine dioxide in a single vessel process include a simplified control of sodium sulfate concentration, particularly for small to medium scale chlorine dioxide generators. The benefits of the described systems and methods include high chlorate efficiency, compact design and low sulfuric acid use. In some embodiments, the described systems and methods produce chlorine dioxide and separate the chlorine dioxide for use in the treatment of drinking water. The separated chlorine dioxide for use in the treatment of drinking water has no chlorate of chlorite or levels of chlorate or chlorite that are well below allowed limits. Novel compositions from which to produce chlorine dioxide include mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and a miner al acid and mixtures of an alkali metal chlorate, alkali metal salt and hydrogen peroxide are also described.

The present invention relates to a process for purifying raw-material gases by fractionation. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for cleansing chlorine gas of bromine.

The present invention relates to a process for purifying raw-material gases by fractionation. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for cleansing chlorine gas of bromine.

A process (10) for the treatment of a lithium containing material, the process comprising the steps of: (i) Preparing a process solution from the lithium containing material (12); (ii) Passing the process solution from step (i) to a series of impurity removal steps (36) thereby providing a substantially purified lithium chloride solution; and (iii) Passing the purified lithium chloride solution of step (ii) to an electrolysis step (70) thereby producing a lithium hydroxide solution.

A bilayer object consisting of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer substrate coated with a composition of matter comprising horizontally aligned exfoliated graphene sheets dispersed in an epoxy binder. A method includes depositing graphene into a hardener, mixing the hardener and the graphene to produce a homogenous composite mixture, adding a resin material to the composite mixture to produce an epoxy graphene material, coating a structure with the epoxy graphene material, aligning the graphene sheets in the in-plane orientation, and curing the epoxy graphene material.

The present invention relates to a process for purifying raw-material gases by fractionation. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for cleansing chlorine gas of bromine.

A process for the production of chlorine by thermo-catalytic gas phase oxidation of hydrogen chloride and oxygen is described, the process comprising at least (1) a cerium oxide catalyst and (2) an adiabatic reaction cascade, containing at least two adiabatic stages connected in series with intermediate cooling, wherein the molar O.sub.2/HCl-ratio is equal or above 0.75 in any part of the cerium oxide catalyst beds.

The apparatus includes one or more cylindrical housings connected to one another, a jacket on an outer side of a housing, an inner cylinder disposed at least in an interior of a first cylindrical housing, a heat insulation gasket, inner members, a corrosive high temperature gas inlet disposed on the heat insulation gasket, a gas and liquid phase outlet disposed at a bottom of the housing or a bottom of a last housing and a coolant inlet and outlet connected to an interior of the jacket. The heat insulation gasket seals the first cylindrical housing and a top of the inner cylinder in the interior of the first cylindrical housing. The inner members are distributed along a wall of the housing, communicate an interior of the jacket with an interior of the housing, and distribute a liquid in the interior of the jacket to the interior of the housing.