Provided herein are systems and methods for producing nitrophosphates and mineralized carbon. Advantageously, the systems and methods are capable of sequestering carbon from the atmosphere. The systems generally include a first reactor for producing nitric acid; a mixer for mixing the nitric acid produced in the first reactor with a phosphate source, thereby producing nitro-phosphoric acid; and a second reactor for producing a solution comprising nitrophosphates and mineralized carbon, wherein the second reactor is operable to receive: the nitro-phosphoric acid from the mixer, ammonia, water, and carbon dioxide.

A method can include combusting a sulfur precursor in air to form sulfur dioxide, providing the sulfur dioxide to an electrolyzer with at least a threshold gauge pressure, providing water to the electrolyzer, and oxidizing the sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid and reducing the water to hydrogen in the electrolyzer.

A method can include combusting a sulfur precursor in air to form sulfur dioxide, providing the sulfur dioxide to an electrolyzer with at least a threshold gauge pressure, providing water to the electrolyzer, and oxidizing the sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid and reducing the water to hydrogen in the electrolyzer.

A method for preparation of graft modified ammonium polyphosphate with ultra-low hydroplaning and resistance to hydrolysis belongs to the field of the preparation of flame retardant. Ammonia water is used as hydrolytic agent of amino silane. In the early stage of synthesis of ammonium polyphosphate with phosphorus pentoxide, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and melamine as raw materials, hydrolyzed amino silane ammonia mixture is added, and continues warming reaction, when the temperature drops to a certain temperature, melamine is added to maintain high temperature reaction for a certain period of time, then cools to obtain graft modified ammonium polyphosphate with ultra-low hydroplaning and resistance to hydrolysis. The present disclosure grafts ammonium polyphosphate with two kinds of amino grafting in stages, and the modified ammonium polyphosphate products after grafted basically have no hydroplaning when meets water. Because of addition of excessive melamine in late stage, the excessive melamine is not only used for graft modified ammonium polyphosphate, but also used for reacting with acidic ammonium polyphosphate whose polymerization is incomplete, making it form polyphosphate melamine, eliminate the formation of water-soluble small molecules, and reduce water solubility of the products to a greater extent.

A method for production of phosphate compounds comprises dissolving of a raw material comprising phosphorus, aluminium and iron, in a mineral acid. Insoluble residues from the dissolving step are separated. Iron hydroxide is added causing precipitation of phosphate compounds. The precipitated phosphate compounds are removed. The phosphate compounds are dissolved by an alkaline solution. Iron hydroxide is filtered out. Lime is added, causing precipitation of calcium phosphate. The precipitated calcium phosphate is separated. The leach solution after the separating of precipitated calcium phosphate is recycled to be used for dissolving phosphate compounds by an alkaline solution.

A method for production of phosphate compounds comprises dissolving of a raw material comprising phosphorus, aluminium and iron, in a mineral acid. Insoluble residues from the dissolving step are separated. Iron hydroxide is added causing precipitation of phosphate compounds. The precipitated phosphate compounds are removed. The phosphate compounds are dissolved by an alkaline solution. Iron hydroxide is filtered out. Lime is added, causing precipitation of calcium phosphate. The precipitated calcium phosphate is separated. The leach solution after the separating of precipitated calcium phosphate is recycled to be used for dissolving phosphate compounds by an alkaline solution.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an ammonium phosphate fertilizer from a phosphoric acid aqueous solution that has less than 50% P.sub.2O.sub.5 concentration and is obtained by wet phosphate ore treatment, said phosphoric acid containing traces of cadmium, comprising the following steps: (a) neutralizing said phosphoric acid solution (1) with ammonia (3) up to a molar ratio N/P of between 0.1 and 0.8, (b) reacting said partially neutralized solution (4) with a sulfide source (6) so as to form a cadmium sulfide precipitate (9), (c) separating said precipitate (9) so as to obtain a refined ammoniated phosphoric acid solution (10), (d) ammoniating and granulating said refined solution (10) so as to form said fertilizer (12).

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an ammonium phosphate fertilizer from a phosphoric acid aqueous solution that has less than 50% P.sub.2O.sub.5 concentration and is obtained by wet phosphate ore treatment, said phosphoric acid containing traces of cadmium, comprising the following steps: (a) neutralizing said phosphoric acid solution (1) with ammonia (3) up to a molar ratio N/P of between 0.1 and 0.8, (b) reacting said partially neutralized solution (4) with a sulfide source (6) so as to form a cadmium sulfide precipitate (9), (c) separating said precipitate (9) so as to obtain a refined ammoniated phosphoric acid solution (10), (d) ammoniating and granulating said refined solution (10) so as to form said fertilizer (12).

Flame retardant covers for mattress and flame retardant mattresses are provided. At least a portion of the fibers, yarns or the fabric of the covers is treated with a blend comprising a flame retardant compound such as ammonium phosphate. The covers do not further require any flame barrier element such as fiberglass or silica-loaded rayon. The mattresses provided herein fully comply with the federal mattress flammability standards of 16 C.F.R. 1632 and 1633.

A method of producing ammonium phosphates from at least one mineral containing phosphate and an element which is calcium, magnesium, iron, or aluminum. The method includes contacting the at least one mineral (or a combination of them) with a cation exchanger for a time and at a temperature sufficient to yield phosphoric acid from the mineral.