An energy storage composition can be used as a new Na-ion battery cathode material. The energy storage composition with an alluaudite phase of A.sub.xT.sub.y(PO4).sub.z, Na.sub.xT.sub.y(PO4).sub.z, Na.sub.1.702Fe.sub.3(PO4).sub.3 and Na.sub.0.872Fe.sub.3(PO4).sub.3, is described including the hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and electrochemical properties. After ball milling and carbon coating, the compositions described herein demonstrate a reversible capacity, such as about 140.7 mAh/g. In addition these compositions exhibit good cycling performance (93% of the initial capacity is retained after 50 cycles) and excellent rate capability. These alluaudite compounds represent a new cathode material for large-scale battery applications that are earth-abundant and sustainable.

The epsilon polymorph of vanadyl phosphate, ε-VOPO.sub.4, made from the solvothermally synthesized H.sub.2VOPO.sub.4, is a high density cathode material for lithium-ion batteries optimized to reversibly intercalate two Li-ions to reach the full theoretical capacity at least 50 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 98%. This material adopts a stable 3D tunnel structure and can extract two Li-ions per vanadium ion, giving a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh/g, with an upper charge/discharge plateau at around 4.0 V, and one lower at around 2.5 V.

A process for enriching phosphorus and recovering vivianite by a biofilm method includes the following steps: 1) an aerobic phosphorus absorption stage; 2) an anaerobic phosphorus release stage; 3) a cyclic enrichment stage; 4) a seed crystal forming stage; and 5) a crystal forming stage. Phosphorus is enriched by the biofilm method and recovered with vivianite as a recovery product, which solves the problem of phosphorus removal from municipal sewage and improves the economic value; by preparing high dissolved oxygen at the aerobic stage, a high-concentration phosphorus recovery solution can be obtained with a relatively low carbon-phosphorus ratio and relatively high enrichment times, and the consumption of carbon sources can be reduced; since the oxidation-reduction potential is controlled to be less than −100 mv by the biofilm method at the anaerobic phosphorus release stage, the oxidation-reduction potential does not need to be adjusted again during the recovery of vivianite,

The present disclosure belongs to the field of battery materials, and discloses a coated nickel-rich ternary material and a preparation method and application thereof. The coated nickel-rich ternary material has a chemical formula of LiNi.sub.xCo.sub.yMn.sub.zO.sub.2.Math.a[M.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2.Math.bH.sub.2O], Where 0.6≤x≤0.8, 0.1≤y≤0.2, 0.1≤z≤0.2, x+y+z=1, 0.01≤a≤0.03, 3≤b≤8, M.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2.Math.bH.sub.2O is at least one selected from the group consisting of nickel phosphate, cobalt phosphate and manganese phosphate; the coated nickel-rich ternary material has a flower-like structure. The preparation method of the present disclosure provides phosphate ions through the prepared phosphate solution, performs coating in a liquid phase environment, and synthesizes the precursor simultaneously by microwave hydrothermal synthesis, which is beneficial to the full contact between the phosphates and the precursor, and ensures the surface of the nickel-rich ternary precursor is uniformly coated with the phosphates. The method is simple and has good coating effect.

Mesomorphic ceramic films are fabricated over large areas by blade-coating of nematic lyotropic suspensions, followed by calcination. Lyotropic self-assembly of titania or ZnO nanorods by applying blade-coating shear force to a dispersion of the rods, followed by thermal treatment forms transparent ceramic films for applications such as large aperture inorganic waveplates for modifying the polarization state of incident light that have superior optical and mechanical properties

Mesomorphic ceramic films are fabricated over large areas by blade-coating of nematic lyotropic suspensions, followed by calcination. Lyotropic self-assembly of titania or ZnO nanorods by applying blade-coating shear force to a dispersion of the rods, followed by thermal treatment forms transparent ceramic films for applications such as large aperture inorganic waveplates for modifying the polarization state of incident light that have superior optical and mechanical properties

A sorbent cartridge device includes an ion-exchange material containing zirconium phosphate and no more than about 0.1 mg of leachable phosphate ions per about 1 g of the ion-exchange material. In one example, the cartridge also includes a phosphate-adsorbing material containing zirconium oxide. In this example, the weight ratio between zirconium phosphate and zirconium oxide in the cartridge is from about 10:1 to about 40:1. The zirconium phosphate may be alkaline zirconium phosphate prepared by a process including the following steps: (i) drying acid zirconium phosphate to obtain a dry acid zirconium phosphate; (ii) combining the dry acid zirconium phosphate with an aqueous solution to obtain an aqueous slurry; and (iii) combining the slurry with an alkali hydroxide to obtain the alkaline zirconium phosphate. During step (ii), any free phosphate ions in the dry acid zirconium phosphate leach out into the aqueous phase of the slurry.

There is provided a modified zirconium phosphate tungstate which effectively suppresses the elution of phosphorus ions even when it contacts with water, can develop the performance excellent as a negative thermal expansion material, and can be dispersed in a polymer compound such as a resin, and use of which enables a low-thermal expansive material containing a negative thermal expansion filler to be well produced. The surface of a zirconium phosphate tungstate particle is coated with an inorganic compound containing one or two or more elements (M) selected from Zn, Si, Al, Ba, Ca, Mg, Ti, V, Sn, Co, Fe and Zr. The BET specific surface area of the zirconium phosphate tungstate particle is preferably 0.1 m.sup.2/g to 50 m.sup.2/g.

The titanium phosphate powder of the present invention includes plate-shaped crystalline particles of titanium phosphate, an average thickness of the plate-shaped crystalline particles is 0.01 μm or more and less than 0.10 μm, and an aspect ratio, which is a value obtained by dividing an average primary particle diameter of the plate-shaped crystalline particles by the average thickness, is 5 or more. In the method for producing a titanium phosphate powder of the present invention, a raw material containing titanium and phosphorus is caused to react by a hydrothermal synthesis method, and when the titanium phosphate powder including plate-shaped crystalline particles of titanium phosphate is produced, a mixture of titanium sulfate and phosphoric acid is used as the raw material.

Provided is a dielectric body having a high dielectric constant and a change rate of the dielectric constant of 30% or less, in a temperature range from −50° C. to 350° C.

An inorganic substance contains an oxide crystal including A and M (the A being one or more of P, Ge, and V, and the M being one or more of Nb and Ta), wherein the dielectric constant is 500 or more. In the inorganic substance, the oxide crystal is one or more of PNb.sub.9O.sub.25, P.sub.2.5Nb.sub.18O.sub.50 and GeNb.sub.9O.sub.25, GeNb.sub.18O.sub.47, GeNb.sub.19.144O.sub.50, VNb.sub.9O.sub.25, VNb.sub.9O.sub.24.9, PTa.sub.9O.sub.25, GeTa.sub.9O.sub.25, VTa.sub.9O.sub.25, and solid solutions thereof.