A method for making a material of formula Li.sub.xM.sub.1-zD.sub.zPO.sub.4, where M is one or more transition metals, D represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zn, B, Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sc, Y, and rare earth elements, 0.8≤x≤1.2 and 0≤z≤0.2, the method comprising the steps of: a) forming a mixture comprising a source of the one or more transition metals, a source of phosphorus, a source of lithium and a surfactant, and optionally a source of D, wherein (i) a ratio of Li:PO.sub.4:(M+D) relative to the stoichiometry required to form the material is within the range of 1.04-1.10:1.00-1.05:1, or (ii) a ratio of (Li+PO.sub.4):(M+D) relative to the stoichiometry required to form the material is greater than 2.05; b) drying the mixture from step (a) to form particles r a powder; and c) thermally treating the particles or powder from step (b) to form the material.

A method for making a material of formula Li.sub.xM.sub.1-zD.sub.zPO.sub.4, where M is one or more transition metals, D represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zn, B, Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sc, Y, and rare earth elements, 0.8≤x≤1.2 and 0≤z≤0.2, the method comprising the steps of: a) forming a mixture comprising a source of the one or more transition metals, a source of phosphorus, a source of lithium and a surfactant, and optionally a source of D, wherein (i) a ratio of Li:PO.sub.4:(M+D) relative to the stoichiometry required to form the material is within the range of 1.04-1.10:1.00-1.05:1, or (ii) a ratio of (Li+PO.sub.4):(M+D) relative to the stoichiometry required to form the material is greater than 2.05; b) drying the mixture from step (a) to form particles r a powder; and c) thermally treating the particles or powder from step (b) to form the material.

An ultraviolet light emitting phosphor for mercury-free lamps is a phosphor composed of a phosphate containing at least two metal elements selected from the group consisting of group 13 elements and lanthanoid series elements, and is excited to emit ultraviolet by irradiation with vacuum ultraviolet rays or an electron beam.

An ultraviolet light emitting phosphor for mercury-free lamps is a phosphor composed of a phosphate containing at least two metal elements selected from the group consisting of group 13 elements and lanthanoid series elements, and is excited to emit ultraviolet by irradiation with vacuum ultraviolet rays or an electron beam.

A positive electrode material includes a first lithium manganese iron phosphate material in an aggregate form, a second and third lithium manganese iron phosphate materials in an aggregate and/or single-crystal-like form, and a fourth and fifth lithium manganese iron phosphate materials in a single-crystal-like form. A particle quantity ratio of the first to fifth lithium manganese iron phosphate materials is (0.8 to 1.2):(0.8 to 1.2):(1.6 to 2.4):(6.4 to 9.6):(6.4 to 9.6), and particle size D.sub.50 relationships satisfy: D.sub.50.sup.5<D.sub.50.sup.4<D.sub.50.sup.3<D.sub.50.sup.2<D.sub.50.sup.1, D.sub.50.sup.2=aD.sub.50.sup.1, D.sub.50.sup.3=bD.sub.50.sup.1, D.sub.50.sup.4=cD.sub.50.sup.1, D.sub.50.sup.5=dD.sub.50.sup.1, and 5 μm≤D.sub.50.sup.1≤15 μm, where 0.35≤a≤0.5, 0.2≤b≤0.27, 0.17≤c≤0.18, and 0.15≤d≤0.16.

A positive electrode material includes a first lithium manganese iron phosphate material in an aggregate form, a second and third lithium manganese iron phosphate materials in an aggregate and/or single-crystal-like form, and a fourth and fifth lithium manganese iron phosphate materials in a single-crystal-like form. A particle quantity ratio of the first to fifth lithium manganese iron phosphate materials is (0.8 to 1.2):(0.8 to 1.2):(1.6 to 2.4):(6.4 to 9.6):(6.4 to 9.6), and particle size D.sub.50 relationships satisfy: D.sub.50.sup.5<D.sub.50.sup.4<D.sub.50.sup.3<D.sub.50.sup.2<D.sub.50.sup.1, D.sub.50.sup.2=aD.sub.50.sup.1, D.sub.50.sup.3=bD.sub.50.sup.1, D.sub.50.sup.4=cD.sub.50.sup.1, D.sub.50.sup.5=dD.sub.50.sup.1, and 5 μm≤D.sub.50.sup.1≤15 μm, where 0.35≤a≤0.5, 0.2≤b≤0.27, 0.17≤c≤0.18, and 0.15≤d≤0.16.

The present invention provides for nutrient extraction and recovery devices that use the Donnan Membrane Principle (DMP) to cause spontaneous separation of dissolved ions along electrochemical potential gradients, wherein anions and cations such as H.sub.2PO.sub.4.sup.−, HPO.sub.4.sup.2−, PO.sub.4.sup.3−, Mg.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+, NH.sub.4.sup.+, and K.sup.+ are moved from manure containing waste streams through cation and anion exchange membranes into a recovery stream thereby precipitating target compounds including but not limited to struvite, potassium struvite and hydroxyapatite.

This method achieves lithium cobalt pyrophosphate in which the generation of different phases is suppressed. A powder of a lithium compound, a cobalt compound and a phosphorus compound in amounts based on the composition of lithium cobalt pyrophosphate is mixed while adding water at a prescribed temperature (T1), for example, room temperature, and the substance obtained thereby is further mixed at a higher temperature (T2), for example, 40° C.-60° C. In this way, a precursor of lithium cobalt pyrophosphate is formed that has excellent uniformity of distribution of the lithium component, the cobalt component and the phosphorus component. By firing such a precursor, a lithium cobalt pyrophosphate is obtained in which the generation of different phases is suppressed.

This method achieves lithium cobalt pyrophosphate in which the generation of different phases is suppressed. A powder of a lithium compound, a cobalt compound and a phosphorus compound in amounts based on the composition of lithium cobalt pyrophosphate is mixed while adding water at a prescribed temperature (T1), for example, room temperature, and the substance obtained thereby is further mixed at a higher temperature (T2), for example, 40° C.-60° C. In this way, a precursor of lithium cobalt pyrophosphate is formed that has excellent uniformity of distribution of the lithium component, the cobalt component and the phosphorus component. By firing such a precursor, a lithium cobalt pyrophosphate is obtained in which the generation of different phases is suppressed.

A recovery method for a positive electrode active material includes: separating and recovering, from a positive electrode plate of a battery in which a positive electrode mixture containing a positive electrode active material is laminated on a positive electrode foil, the positive electrode mixture; supplying at least one of ozone and hydrogen peroxide to a slurry containing the positive electrode mixture to oxidize the positive electrode mixture; and separating and recovering the positive electrode active material from the slurry.