A method for separating a metallofullerene M@C.sub.82, comprises steps of: a) adding a Lewis acid to an extract containing the metallofullerene M@C.sub.82 to react therewith, producing a complex precipitate; b) washing the precipitate, followed by dissolving and filtering to obtain a purified metallofullerene M@C.sub.82 extract, wherein M is one or more selected from the group consisting of lanthanide metals Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, and Lu; and the Lewis acid is one or more selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, nickel chloride, copper chloride, zinc bromide, nickel bromide, and copper bromide.

A process for the separation of electrolyte from the carbon in a solid carbon/electrolyte cathode product formed at the cathode during molten carbonate electrolysis. The processes allows for easy separation of the solid carbon product from the electrolyte without any observed detrimental effect on the structure and/or stability of the resulting solid carbon nanomaterial.

A process for the separation of electrolyte from the carbon in a solid carbon/electrolyte cathode product formed at the cathode during molten carbonate electrolysis. The processes allows for easy separation of the solid carbon product from the electrolyte without any observed detrimental effect on the structure and/or stability of the resulting solid carbon nanomaterial.

Implementations set forth herein relate to systems, methods, and apparatuses associated with fullerene-containing materials. In some implementations, a fullerene-containing material is disposed over a substrate of a smoke-able product in order to inhibit an allergic response (e.g., coughing) from a user who smokes or otherwise ingests the smoke-able product. Various fullerene-containing materials can be generated using a carbon substance that undergoes one or more process operations in order for fullerene molecules to be available for inclusion in the various materials. In some implementations, one or more other fullerene-containing materials can be generated through an at least partially organic process of feeding a particular plant a fullerene-containing plant food.

Implementations set forth herein relate to systems, methods, and apparatuses associated with fullerene-containing materials. In some implementations, a fullerene-containing material is disposed over a substrate of a smoke-able product in order to inhibit an allergic response (e.g., coughing) from a user who smokes or otherwise ingests the smoke-able product. Various fullerene-containing materials can be generated using a carbon substance that undergoes one or more process operations in order for fullerene molecules to be available for inclusion in the various materials. In some implementations, one or more other fullerene-containing materials can be generated through an at least partially organic process of feeding a particular plant a fullerene-containing plant food.

Disclosed herein are pristine graphene sheets with columns formed of fullerene nanotubes between the graphene sheets for use as body armor, semiconductor, battery anode, solar panels, heat sinks, structural concrete members, structural steel members, precast concrete structural members, bridges, highways, streets, skyscrapers, sidewalks, foundations, dams, industrial plants, canals, airports, structural composites, aircraft, military equipment, and civil infrastructure.

Disclosed herein are pristine graphene sheets with columns formed of fullerene nanotubes between the graphene sheets for use as body armor, semiconductor, battery anode, solar panels, heat sinks, structural concrete members, structural steel members, precast concrete structural members, bridges, highways, streets, skyscrapers, sidewalks, foundations, dams, industrial plants, canals, airports, structural composites, aircraft, military equipment, and civil infrastructure.

A nuclear fuel element for use in a nuclear reactor may include a plurality of metal fuel sheaths extending along a longitudinal fuel element axis and spaced apart from each other, the plurality of fuel sheaths comprising a first fuel sheath having an inner surface, an opposing outer surface and a hollow interior configured to receive nuclear fuel material. A carbon coating may be on the inner surface of the first fuel sheath. The carbon coating may include more than 99.0% wt of a carbon material including more than 20% wt of carbon nanotubes and less than about 0.01% wt of organic contaminants.

The present disclosure relates to a tantalum carbide coating material, and more specifically, to a tantalum carbide coating material comprising: a carbon substrate; and a tantalum carbide coating formed on the carbon substrate, wherein a thermal expansion coefficient difference between the carbon substrate and the tantalum carbide coating is 1.0×10.sup.−6/° C. or more.

The present disclosure relates to a tantalum carbide coating material, and more specifically, to a tantalum carbide coating material comprising: a carbon substrate; and a tantalum carbide coating formed on the carbon substrate, wherein a thermal expansion coefficient difference between the carbon substrate and the tantalum carbide coating is 1.0×10.sup.−6/° C. or more.