A method for preparing a graphene nanosheet, wherein the method includes preparing an electrode assembly comprising a negative electrode, wherein the negative electrode comprises artificial graphite, a lithium metal counter electrode opposing the negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the negative electrode and the lithium metal counter electrode, and immersing the electrode assembly in an electrolyte, electrochemically charging the immersed electrode assembly to form a charged electrode assembly, separating the artificial graphite from the charged electrode assembly to form separated artificial graphite, and de-laminating a graphene nanosheet from the separated artificial graphite, wherein the initial discharge capacity of the negative electrode is 350 mAh/g or greater, and the electrolyte comprises an organic solvent comprising a cyclic carbonate and a linear carbonate, and a lithium salt.

A method for preparing a graphene nanosheet, wherein the method includes preparing an electrode assembly comprising a negative electrode, wherein the negative electrode comprises artificial graphite, a lithium metal counter electrode opposing the negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the negative electrode and the lithium metal counter electrode, and immersing the electrode assembly in an electrolyte, electrochemically charging the immersed electrode assembly to form a charged electrode assembly, separating the artificial graphite from the charged electrode assembly to form separated artificial graphite, and de-laminating a graphene nanosheet from the separated artificial graphite, wherein the initial discharge capacity of the negative electrode is 350 mAh/g or greater, and the electrolyte comprises an organic solvent comprising a cyclic carbonate and a linear carbonate, and a lithium salt.

A system for graphene synthesis includes an enclosed chamber having a hollow interior, a carbon-based gas source fluidically coupled to the chamber and configured to supply a carbon-based gas to the hollow interior, a hydrogen source fluidically coupled to the chamber and configured to supply hydrogen to the hollow interior, an oxygen source that is independent of the carbon-based gas source and that is fluidically coupled to the chamber and configured to supply oxygen to the hollow interior, an igniter configured to ignite the carbon-based gas, hydrogen, and oxygen in the hollow interior, a first flow meter coupled to the carbon-based gas source, a second flow meter coupled to the hydrogen source, a third flow meter coupled to the oxygen source, and a controller in communication with and configured to receive flow data from the first, second, and third flow meters.

A system for graphene synthesis includes an enclosed chamber having a hollow interior, a carbon-based gas source fluidically coupled to the chamber and configured to supply a carbon-based gas to the hollow interior, a hydrogen source fluidically coupled to the chamber and configured to supply hydrogen to the hollow interior, an oxygen source that is independent of the carbon-based gas source and that is fluidically coupled to the chamber and configured to supply oxygen to the hollow interior, an igniter configured to ignite the carbon-based gas, hydrogen, and oxygen in the hollow interior, a first flow meter coupled to the carbon-based gas source, a second flow meter coupled to the hydrogen source, a third flow meter coupled to the oxygen source, and a controller in communication with and configured to receive flow data from the first, second, and third flow meters.

The present disclosure relates to production of electrodes. The present disclosure particularly relates to production of graphene based transparent conducting electrode (TCE). The disclosure provides a simple and environmental friendly process for producing said graphene based TCE by coating of graphene on a modified or non-modified substrate. Said electrode provides large area metal network with reduced non-uniformity of conducting film, visible transparency and low or reduced sheet resistance. The disclosure further relates to a graphene based transparent conductive electrode (TCE).

The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method, system and composition producing a magnetic carbon nanomaterial product that may comprise carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at least some of which are magnetic CNTs (mCNTs). The method and apparatus employ carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) as a reactant in an electrolysis reaction in order to make mCNTs. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a magnetic additive component is included as a reactant in the method and as a portion of one or more components in the system or composition to facilitate a magnetic material addition process, a carbide nucleation process or both during the electrosynthesis reaction for making magnetic carbon nanomaterials.

The first object of the invention is a method of obtaining a carbide-graphene surface composite with a controlled surface morphology, especially a SiC-graphene composite, characterized in that the SiC substrate, especially with a crystalline or polycrystalline structure, after initial preparation is successively subjected to annealing and then cooling. The second object of the invention is a carbide-graphene composite on a SiC surface, with a crystalline or polycrystalline structure, obtained by the method as defined in the first object of the invention, containing from one to four atomic layers of graphene forming a honeycomb lattice, wherein their diffraction spectrum obtained by the low energy electron diffraction method has a diffraction pattern typical of graphene on the SiC surface, characterized by the fact that it contains a surface covered with terraces or a network of pits, the difference in height of the terraces is from 0.25×10.sup.−9 m to 2.5×10.sup.−9 m or the surface density of pits is at least 5×10.sup.12/m.sup.2.

Processes for laminating a graphene-coated printed circuit board (PCB) are disclosed. An example laminated PCB may include a lamination stack that may include an inner core, an adhesive layer, and at least one graphene-metal structure. Pressure and heat—which may be applied under vacuum or controlled gas atmosphere—may be applied to the lamination stack, after all materials have been placed. The graphene of the graphene-metal structure is designed to promote high frequency performance and heat management within the PCB.

Processes for laminating a graphene-coated printed circuit board (PCB) are disclosed. An example laminated PCB may include a lamination stack that may include an inner core, an adhesive layer, and at least one graphene-metal structure. Pressure and heat—which may be applied under vacuum or controlled gas atmosphere—may be applied to the lamination stack, after all materials have been placed. The graphene of the graphene-metal structure is designed to promote high frequency performance and heat management within the PCB.

Method of obtainment of nanomaterials composed of carbonaceous material and metal oxides. The present invention refers to a method of obtainment of nanomaterials composed of two or more components, wherein at least one of these components is a carbonaceous material and at least another of the components is a metal oxide. The method of the present invention permits preparing these nanomaterials in liquid medium at moderate pressures and temperatures, in industrial quantities, and controlling the physicochemical properties of said nanomaterials by means of control of the parameters of synthesis.