The present disclosure provides HRG-Mn.sub.3O.sub.4 hybrid nanoparticles. The HRG-Mn.sub.3O.sub.4 hybrid nanoparticles do not pose any cytotoxicity at normal physiological conditions and therefore they are nontoxic and biocompatible at physiological conditions. The HRG-Mn.sub.3O.sub.4 hybrid nanoparticles under exposure of laser light cause massive cellular damage indicating their potential use for photodynamic therapy of cancer. The HRG-Mn.sub.3O.sub.4 hybrid nanoparticles enhance the magnetic resonance signals from cancer cells and exhibit excellent MRI contrast property for tumor imaging and are therefore useful contrast agent.

The present method includes graphene, preferably in the form of flat graphene oxide flakes with, by mass, preferably between 0.5% and 35% PAN. The graphene oxide and conductive-polymer PAN is in a co-suspension in water and is co-deposited on a surface. The deposited PAN with a high-percentage graphene-oxide layer is dried. Our tests have produced electrical conductivities 1000 times more conductive than the PAN by itself. Our testing indicates that using flakes that are flat is essential to getting very high conductivity, and that controlled oxidation is very important in suspending graphene oxide in water.

The present method includes graphene, preferably in the form of flat graphene oxide flakes with, by mass, preferably between 0.5% and 35% PAN. The graphene oxide and conductive-polymer PAN is in a co-suspension in water and is co-deposited on a surface. The deposited PAN with a high-percentage graphene-oxide layer is dried. Our tests have produced electrical conductivities 1000 times more conductive than the PAN by itself. Our testing indicates that using flakes that are flat is essential to getting very high conductivity, and that controlled oxidation is very important in suspending graphene oxide in water.

A light-modulating material of which the light transmittance can be controlled over a wide region from visible light to infrared light by voltage application is provided. The light-modulating material comprises a graphene-like carbon material having an aspect ratio of 3 or more and 330 or less.

The hydrogen storage product comprises one or more reduced-graphene oxide layers functionalized with a boron species and decorated with an alkali or alkaline earth metal. Each layer of the structure further comprises boron-oxygen functional groups comprising oxygen atoms bonded to boron atoms. The hydrogen storage product has a composition suitable for physisorption of hydrogen molecule, and operates to reversibly store hydrogen under operating conditions of low pressure and ambient temperature.

The hydrogen storage product comprises one or more reduced-graphene oxide layers functionalized with a boron species and decorated with an alkali or alkaline earth metal. Each layer of the structure further comprises boron-oxygen functional groups comprising oxygen atoms bonded to boron atoms. The hydrogen storage product has a composition suitable for physisorption of hydrogen molecule, and operates to reversibly store hydrogen under operating conditions of low pressure and ambient temperature.

Synthesizing Janus material including forming a lamellar phase having water layers and organic layers, incorporating nanosheets and a functional agent into the lamellar phase, and attaching the functional agent to the nanosheets in the lamellar phase to form Janus nanosheets.

Synthesizing Janus material including forming a lamellar phase having water layers and organic layers, incorporating nanosheets and a functional agent into the lamellar phase, and attaching the functional agent to the nanosheets in the lamellar phase to form Janus nanosheets.

A method, including irradiating graphene oxide (GO) with a beam of light or radiation to form reduced graphene oxide (RGO) in a three-dimensional (3D) pattern, wherein the RGO is porous RGO with pores having sizes tuned by controlling the beam of light or radiation.

A method, including irradiating graphene oxide (GO) with a beam of light or radiation to form reduced graphene oxide (RGO) in a three-dimensional (3D) pattern, wherein the RGO is porous RGO with pores having sizes tuned by controlling the beam of light or radiation.