A method for recovering and recycling lithium battery components comprises shredding used batteries into fragments, recovering electrolyte from the fragments, aspirating the fragments to remove separator membrane fragments from other solid materials, magnetically separating the cathode fragments from the non-magnetic anode fragments on a rare earth roll separator; thermally removing binder and carbon from the cathode fragments, recovering delithiated cathode active material; relithiating the delithiated cathode active material, recovering aluminum foil from the cathode fragments; removing cathode active material from the anode fragments, and recovering copper foil from the anode fragments.

A method for recovering and recycling lithium battery components comprises shredding used batteries into fragments, recovering electrolyte from the fragments, aspirating the fragments to remove separator membrane fragments from other solid materials, magnetically separating the cathode fragments from the non-magnetic anode fragments on a rare earth roll separator; thermally removing binder and carbon from the cathode fragments, recovering delithiated cathode active material; relithiating the delithiated cathode active material, recovering aluminum foil from the cathode fragments; removing cathode active material from the anode fragments, and recovering copper foil from the anode fragments.

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe a method of preparing a colloidal solution comprising preparing a salted aqueous solvent and dispersing a graphitic material in the salted aqueous solvent. Embodiments of the present disclosure further describe a method of treating a graphitic material comprising agitating a graphitic material in a salted aqueous solvent and removing residual chemical species to obtain a treated graphitic material. Embodiments of the present disclosure also describe a colloidal solution comprising a liquid medium and a treated graphitic material dispersed in the liquid medium sufficient to form a colloidal solution.

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe a method of preparing a colloidal solution comprising preparing a salted aqueous solvent and dispersing a graphitic material in the salted aqueous solvent. Embodiments of the present disclosure further describe a method of treating a graphitic material comprising agitating a graphitic material in a salted aqueous solvent and removing residual chemical species to obtain a treated graphitic material. Embodiments of the present disclosure also describe a colloidal solution comprising a liquid medium and a treated graphitic material dispersed in the liquid medium sufficient to form a colloidal solution.

Provided is a resin composite material having a small number of voids and excellent tenacity. The resin composite material may be one obtained by mixing a carbon material having a graphene structure and having a content of less than 1 weight % of a volatile component volatilizable at 200 C. and a thermoplastic resin. The resin composite material may be a resin composite material including a carbon material having a graphene structure and a thermoplastic resin, the resin composite material containing 5 parts by weight or more of the carbon material per 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin and having a breaking strain of 50% or more as measured according to JIS K 7161.

Provided is a resin composite material having a small number of voids and excellent tenacity. The resin composite material may be one obtained by mixing a carbon material having a graphene structure and having a content of less than 1 weight % of a volatile component volatilizable at 200 C. and a thermoplastic resin. The resin composite material may be a resin composite material including a carbon material having a graphene structure and a thermoplastic resin, the resin composite material containing 5 parts by weight or more of the carbon material per 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin and having a breaking strain of 50% or more as measured according to JIS K 7161.

An alkali-metal dispenser to dispense highly pure rubidium in a high-vacuum environment while not negatively impacting the high-vacuum pressure level. The alkali-metal dispenser is operable in various vapor-deposition applications or to provide a highly pure elemental-alkali metal in cold-atom magneto-optical traps.

A reactor vessel is provided having a solids feed opening for particulate graphite and a product outlet for purified particulate graphite. The vessel has an interior volume for containing the graphite particles, with a plurality of gas feed openings at the bottom of the interior volume, near the centre-line, for feeding of chlorine-containing gas, wherein the chlorine-containing gas passes through the particulate graphite, fluidizing the particulate graphite. Electrodes are provided which function to heat the particulate graphite, as it is carried upwards under the fluidizing effect of the centrally injected chlorine-containing gas. When the heated graphite particles react with the chlorine gas, purified particulate graphite is formed and may be extracted through the product outlet.

A reactor vessel is provided having a solids feed opening for particulate graphite and a product outlet for purified particulate graphite. The vessel has an interior volume for containing the graphite particles, with a plurality of gas feed openings at the bottom of the interior volume, near the centre-line, for feeding of chlorine-containing gas, wherein the chlorine-containing gas passes through the particulate graphite, fluidizing the particulate graphite. Electrodes are provided which function to heat the particulate graphite, as it is carried upwards under the fluidizing effect of the centrally injected chlorine-containing gas. When the heated graphite particles react with the chlorine gas, purified particulate graphite is formed and may be extracted through the product outlet.

The invention relates to a method for producing a pre-treatment coating composition for a metal substrate, the method comprising the steps of: i. mining graphite ore from a graphite ore body; ii. subjecting the graphite ore to an electrolytic treatment to obtain an expanded graphitic material; iii. subjecting the expanded graphitic material to an exfoliation treatment to obtain single-layer graphene and few-layer graphene, and iv. functionalising the graphene with a coupling agent for coupling graphene to the metal substrate.