A filter for producing a water composition containing silicic acid and hydrogen gas includes a carrier material and a silicon material supported on the carrier material. The filter has a diameter ranging from 50 m to 10 mm. A filter assembly, a filter device, and a water purification system containing the filter are also provided.

A filter apparatus for removing small molecule chemotherapy agents from blood is provided. The filter apparatus comprises a housing with an extraction media comprised of polymer coated carbon cores. Also provided are methods of treating a subject with cancer of an organ or region comprising administering a chemotherapeutic agent to the organ or region, collecting blood laded with chemotherapeutic agent from the isolated organ, filtering the blood laden with chemotherapeutic agent to reduce the chemotherapeutic agent in the blood and returning the blood to the subject.

A filter apparatus for removing small molecule chemotherapy agents from blood is provided. The filter apparatus comprises a housing with an extraction media comprised of polymer coated carbon cores. Also provided are methods of treating a subject with cancer of an organ or region comprising administering a chemotherapeutic agent to the organ or region, collecting blood laded with chemotherapeutic agent from the isolated organ, filtering the blood laden with chemotherapeutic agent to reduce the chemotherapeutic agent in the blood and returning the blood to the subject.

A filter apparatus for removing small molecule chemotherapy agents from blood is provided. The filter apparatus comprises a housing with an extraction media comprised of polymer coated carbon cores. Also provided are methods of treating a subject with cancer of an organ or region comprising administering a chemotherapeutic agent to the organ or region, collecting blood laded with chemotherapeutic agent from the isolated organ, filtering the blood laden with chemotherapeutic agent to reduce the chemotherapeutic agent in the blood and returning the blood to the subject.

A filter apparatus for removing small molecule chemotherapy agents from blood is provided. The filter apparatus comprises a housing with an extraction media comprised of polymer coated carbon cores. Also provided are methods of treating a subject with cancer of an organ or region comprising administering a chemotherapeutic agent to the organ or region, collecting blood laded with chemotherapeutic agent from the isolated organ, filtering the blood laden with chemotherapeutic agent to reduce the chemotherapeutic agent in the blood and returning the blood to the subject.

Methods for producing a carbon material-graphene composite are described. A method can include obtaining a dispersion comprising a graphene oxide material and a carbon material dispersed in a liquid medium, evaporating the liquid medium to form a carbon material-graphene composite precursor, and annealing the composite precursor at a temperature of 800 C. to 1200 C. in the presence of an inert gas to form the carbon material-graphene composite. The graphene oxide material can be grafted graphene oxide. Flexible carbon material-graphene composites are also described. The composites can have a polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based activated carbon attached to a graphene layer, have a surface area of 1500 m.sup.2/g to 2250 m.sup.2/g, and a bimodal porous structure of micropores and mesopores.

Methods for producing a carbon material-graphene composite are described. A method can include obtaining a dispersion comprising a graphene oxide material and a carbon material dispersed in a liquid medium, evaporating the liquid medium to form a carbon material-graphene composite precursor, and annealing the composite precursor at a temperature of 800 C. to 1200 C. in the presence of an inert gas to form the carbon material-graphene composite. The graphene oxide material can be grafted graphene oxide. Flexible carbon material-graphene composites are also described. The composites can have a polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based activated carbon attached to a graphene layer, have a surface area of 1500 m.sup.2/g to 2250 m.sup.2/g, and a bimodal porous structure of micropores and mesopores.

A method for producing a core-shell hybrid material made of an activated carbon core surrounded by a mesoporous silica sol-gel shell, the method including the formation of a mesoporous silica sol-gel shell around activated carbon particles. Also, the core-shell hybrid material formed by the method, and its use as a filtering material in filtering systems.

A carbon material includes a porous carbon substrate and an amorphous carbon layer provided on at least part of a surface of the porous carbon substrate.

A carbon material includes a porous carbon substrate and an amorphous carbon layer provided on at least part of a surface of the porous carbon substrate.