This disclosure relates to an easy method of purifying drinking water using a small sachet packet or a filter unit which could be attached to a tap, consisting of powdered or granular, hydroxy and phosphate functionalized activated nanoporous carbon derived from waste coir dust. The suggested vapour treatment method for coconut coir dust leads to functionalization of coir with hydroxyl and phosphate groups and the inert environment pyrolysis leads to formation of a nanoporous carbon network. The activated nanoporous carbon can be used for removing hardness, fluoride and heavy metals present in drinking water. The material is incorporated into a membrane filter (a sachet packet similar to a tea bag) or packed into a column which could be attached to a domestic water tap.

This disclosure relates to an easy method of purifying drinking water using a small sachet packet or a filter unit which could be attached to a tap, consisting of powdered or granular, hydroxy and phosphate functionalized activated nanoporous carbon derived from waste coir dust. The suggested vapour treatment method for coconut coir dust leads to functionalization of coir with hydroxyl and phosphate groups and the inert environment pyrolysis leads to formation of a nanoporous carbon network. The activated nanoporous carbon can be used for removing hardness, fluoride and heavy metals present in drinking water. The material is incorporated into a membrane filter (a sachet packet similar to a tea bag) or packed into a column which could be attached to a domestic water tap.

The present invention generally relates to a system for producing activated carbon from cow dung. The process begins with a drying and washing unit to pre-treat the raw material. Dried cow dung is then milled and sieved to a specific particle size. A second drying step prepares the sieved material for carbonization in a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting carbonized material undergoes chemical activation using a sodium hydroxide solution. Subsequent pyrolysis in a nitrogen environment further develops the pore structure of the activated carbon. The pyrolyzed material is then washed with hydrochloric acid to remove impurities. A final drying step yields the desired activated carbon product, which is then crushed. This system provides a controlled and efficient method for converting cow dung into valuable activated carbon, offering a sustainable waste management solution and a source of high-quality material for various applications.

The present invention generally relates to a system for producing activated carbon from cow dung. The process begins with a drying and washing unit to pre-treat the raw material. Dried cow dung is then milled and sieved to a specific particle size. A second drying step prepares the sieved material for carbonization in a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting carbonized material undergoes chemical activation using a sodium hydroxide solution. Subsequent pyrolysis in a nitrogen environment further develops the pore structure of the activated carbon. The pyrolyzed material is then washed with hydrochloric acid to remove impurities. A final drying step yields the desired activated carbon product, which is then crushed. This system provides a controlled and efficient method for converting cow dung into valuable activated carbon, offering a sustainable waste management solution and a source of high-quality material for various applications.

A method for hydrolyzing cellulose into sugar to produce spherical capacitive carbon for the deep utilization of biomass and carbon materials. The present disclosure includes the following steps of: (1) crude cellulose pretreatment; (2) alkaline hydrolysis of cellulose; (3) separation of the cellulose from a hydrolyzed sugar liquor; (4) drying of an alkali-containing hydrolyzed sugar; (5) sintering of spherical capacitive carbon; (6) capacitive carbon post-processing; and (7) alkali recycling. In the method, biomass is used as a raw material, high-purity cellulose and hydrolyzed sugar are obtained through deep hydrolysis, the spherical capacitive carbon is sintered with the hydrolyzed sugar instead of sucrose and starch, and alkali is recycled. Pollution and waste are not generated, and more than 80% of the alkali can be recycled.

A method for hydrolyzing cellulose into sugar to produce spherical capacitive carbon for the deep utilization of biomass and carbon materials. The present disclosure includes the following steps of: (1) crude cellulose pretreatment; (2) alkaline hydrolysis of cellulose; (3) separation of the cellulose from a hydrolyzed sugar liquor; (4) drying of an alkali-containing hydrolyzed sugar; (5) sintering of spherical capacitive carbon; (6) capacitive carbon post-processing; and (7) alkali recycling. In the method, biomass is used as a raw material, high-purity cellulose and hydrolyzed sugar are obtained through deep hydrolysis, the spherical capacitive carbon is sintered with the hydrolyzed sugar instead of sucrose and starch, and alkali is recycled. Pollution and waste are not generated, and more than 80% of the alkali can be recycled.

A method of forming an activated carbon composite includes optionally performing a pre-treatment of a primary carbonaceous material, adding an additive composition to the primary carbonaceous material to form a composite, optionally performing a post-treatment of the composite, wherein at least one of the pre-treatment and the post-treatment are performed, to form the activated carbon composite. A method of treating water or gas includes contacting contaminated water or gas including one or more contaminants with a carbonaceous material and one or more additives to form treated water or gas having a lower concentration of the one or more contaminants than the contaminated water or gas.

A method of forming an activated carbon composite includes optionally performing a pre-treatment of a primary carbonaceous material, adding an additive composition to the primary carbonaceous material to form a composite, optionally performing a post-treatment of the composite, wherein at least one of the pre-treatment and the post-treatment are performed, to form the activated carbon composite. A method of treating water or gas includes contacting contaminated water or gas including one or more contaminants with a carbonaceous material and one or more additives to form treated water or gas having a lower concentration of the one or more contaminants than the contaminated water or gas.