Powder metallurgy, in particular production of tungsten monocarbide spherical powders, which is a major component of metalloceramic hard alloys used for manufacture of tools, drill bits, steel alloying, wear-resistant coating cladding at elements operating in intensive wear conditions. The method includes melting of the starting material, and melt atomization with forming of spherical powder. As starting material a tungsten monocarbide grit is used. Melting and atomization of the material is implemented by continuous filling of grit into a rotating crucible of a centrifugal atomization device under an inert atmosphere and melting it by a plasma arc. After that an annealing of the obtained powder is made at a temperature of 1200-1400° C. during a time necessary for W.sub.2C breakup with subsequent cooling of the powder in a furnace. And, the production of tungsten monocarbide spherical powder with WC content of more than 70%.

The present disclosure is directed to electroacoustical devices comprising patterned MXene compositions on biaxially oriented polymer substrates and methods of making and using the same.

A coating that is configured for use on parts of a control valve. The configurations may incorporate various material layers, preferably that form a layered structure on a base or substrate (for example, an Inconel body). In one implementation, the layered structure can be arranged as “stacked” individual layers that exhibit different concentrations or ratios of materials, including by example tungsten carbide and nickel alloy. The concentration of tungsten carbide may increase from an innermost layer to an outer most layer. This feature can extend service life of the parts, particularly when in use with highly-erosive process fluids, like particle-entrained fluids commonly found in hydrocracking or refining operations. Manufacture of the layered structure on the parts may require use of additive manufacturing technology in order to deposit layers of material of varying composition and thickness on the unique fluted design contemplated herein.

A coating that is configured for use on parts of a control valve. The configurations may incorporate various material layers, preferably that form a layered structure on a base or substrate (for example, an Inconel body). In one implementation, the layered structure can be arranged as “stacked” individual layers that exhibit different concentrations or ratios of materials, including by example tungsten carbide and nickel alloy. The concentration of tungsten carbide may increase from an innermost layer to an outer most layer. This feature can extend service life of the parts, particularly when in use with highly-erosive process fluids, like particle-entrained fluids commonly found in hydrocracking or refining operations. Manufacture of the layered structure on the parts may require use of additive manufacturing technology in order to deposit layers of material of varying composition and thickness on the unique fluted design contemplated herein.

A small-caliber projectile having a length Lb, a forward ogive-shaped section, a rear generally cylindrical shaped section, a core, and a jacket generally surrounding the core. The core has a front/penetrator core portion and a soft/heavy rear core portion, wherein the front/penetrator core portion is made of a tungsten alloy and has a length Lp and the soft/heavy rear core portion is made of a lead alloy and has a length Lr and the ratio Lp to Lb is in the range of 0.2 to 0.5.

A small-caliber projectile having a length Lb, a forward ogive-shaped section, a rear generally cylindrical shaped section, a core, and a jacket generally surrounding the core. The core has a front/penetrator core portion and a soft/heavy rear core portion, wherein the front/penetrator core portion is made of a tungsten alloy and has a length Lp and the soft/heavy rear core portion is made of a lead alloy and has a length Lr and the ratio Lp to Lb is in the range of 0.2 to 0.5.

A method for producing a metal nitride and/or a metal carbide, a metal nitride and/or metal carbide optionally produced according to the method, and the use of the metal nitride and/or carbide in catalysis optionally catalytic hydroprocessing. Optionally, the method comprises: i) contacting at least one metal oxide comprising at least one first metal M.sup.1 with a cyanometallate comprising at least one second metal M.sup.2 to form a reaction mixture; and, ii) subjecting the reaction mixture to a temperature of at least 300° C. for a reaction period. Optionally, the metal nitride and/or metal carbide is a metal nitride comprising tungsten nitride.

A method for producing a metal nitride and/or a metal carbide, a metal nitride and/or metal carbide optionally produced according to the method, and the use of the metal nitride and/or carbide in catalysis optionally catalytic hydroprocessing. Optionally, the method comprises: i) contacting at least one metal oxide comprising at least one first metal M.sup.1 with a cyanometallate comprising at least one second metal M.sup.2 to form a reaction mixture; and, ii) subjecting the reaction mixture to a temperature of at least 300° C. for a reaction period. Optionally, the metal nitride and/or metal carbide is a metal nitride comprising tungsten nitride.

Disclosed are a continuous low-temperature plasma powder treatment and ball-milling production device, and a method thereof. The device includes a powder circulating and conveying pipeline system (1), a ball mill (2), a low-temperature plasma discharge pipeline (3), a vacuum discharge system (4) and a controllable atmosphere system (5), where the powder circulating and conveying pipeline system (1) is sequentially connected to the ball mill (2) and the low-temperature plasma discharge pipeline (3) through pipelines; and the controllable atmosphere system (5) is connected to the powder circulating and conveying pipeline system (1). The powder circulating and conveying pipeline system (1) is used for circulating and conveying to-be-treated powder at a controllable air pressure and flow speed. On one hand, a double-dielectric barrier discharge structure is introduced in a powder conveying process to form the low-temperature plasma discharge pipeline (3), thereby realizing a plasma discharge treatment on a transfer material powder; and on the other hand, the ball mill (2) is introduced to perform ball-milling refining or alloying on a powder subjected to plasma discharge treatment, thereby treating the powder through a large-area, uniform and high-energy non-equilibrium plasma in cooperation with mechanical ball milling and being capable of being used for performing a surface circulating modification treatment on a conventional metal, macromolecule or oxide powder.

Disclosed are a continuous low-temperature plasma powder treatment and ball-milling production device, and a method thereof. The device includes a powder circulating and conveying pipeline system (1), a ball mill (2), a low-temperature plasma discharge pipeline (3), a vacuum discharge system (4) and a controllable atmosphere system (5), where the powder circulating and conveying pipeline system (1) is sequentially connected to the ball mill (2) and the low-temperature plasma discharge pipeline (3) through pipelines; and the controllable atmosphere system (5) is connected to the powder circulating and conveying pipeline system (1). The powder circulating and conveying pipeline system (1) is used for circulating and conveying to-be-treated powder at a controllable air pressure and flow speed. On one hand, a double-dielectric barrier discharge structure is introduced in a powder conveying process to form the low-temperature plasma discharge pipeline (3), thereby realizing a plasma discharge treatment on a transfer material powder; and on the other hand, the ball mill (2) is introduced to perform ball-milling refining or alloying on a powder subjected to plasma discharge treatment, thereby treating the powder through a large-area, uniform and high-energy non-equilibrium plasma in cooperation with mechanical ball milling and being capable of being used for performing a surface circulating modification treatment on a conventional metal, macromolecule or oxide powder.