Provided is a dispersion liquid of silica particles, comprising silica particles having an average particle diameter of 5 to 300 nm determined from an electron micrograph and a density of 1.20 g/cm.sup.3 or more determined from a specific surface area determined by a BET method using nitrogen adsorption, wherein the dispersion liquid has a pH of less than 8, a silica concentration of 12 to 40% by mass, and a viscosity in terms of a silica concentration of 20% by mass of 40 mPa.Math.s or less. When this silica particle is used as an abrasive, it is possible to realize a sufficient polishing speed and a smooth polished surface on which occurrence of scratches is suppressed.

The disclosure relates to a method for preparing a silica embedded carbon black composite aggregate and the silica embedded carbon black composite aggregate prepared thereby. The disclosure further relates to the use of the silica embedded carbon black composite aggregates in compositions such as rubber compositions.

The present invention relates to method for chiral resolution of chiral species contained in a liquid placed in a cell formed by an inner wall and an outer wall surrounding the inner wall over at least a portion of the inner wall, each of the outer and inner walls being a solid of revolution about a longitudinal axis, the outer and inner walls being coaxial to one another, the method comprising: rotating the outer wall in one direction of rotation with respect to the inner wall for generating a Taylor-Couette flow within the liquid; collecting at least one of the chiral species.

The present invention also relates to a device therefor.

The present invention relates to method for chiral resolution of chiral species contained in a liquid placed in a cell formed by an inner wall and an outer wall surrounding the inner wall over at least a portion of the inner wall, each of the outer and inner walls being a solid of revolution about a longitudinal axis, the outer and inner walls being coaxial to one another, the method comprising: rotating the outer wall in one direction of rotation with respect to the inner wall for generating a Taylor-Couette flow within the liquid; collecting at least one of the chiral species.

The present invention also relates to a device therefor.

The present invention is to provide a toner for developing electrostatic images, which has an excellent balance between low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant shelf stability, which has good toner conveyance amount stability and printing durability, and which has less occurrence of fog in a high temperature and high humidity environment. Disclosed is a toner for developing electrostatic images, comprising colored resin particles containing a binder resin and a colorant, and an external additive, wherein the toner comprises, as the external additive, fine silica particles in an amount of 0.5 to 3.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the colored resin particles, the fine silica particles having a hydrophobicity of 15 to 49% that is determined after a high-temperature and high-humidity incubation.

The present invention is to provide a toner for developing electrostatic images, which has an excellent balance between low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant shelf stability, which has good toner conveyance amount stability and printing durability, and which has less occurrence of fog in a high temperature and high humidity environment. Disclosed is a toner for developing electrostatic images, comprising colored resin particles containing a binder resin and a colorant, and an external additive, wherein the toner comprises, as the external additive, fine silica particles in an amount of 0.5 to 3.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the colored resin particles, the fine silica particles having a hydrophobicity of 15 to 49% that is determined after a high-temperature and high-humidity incubation.

Silica particles have silica base particles, a structure that covers at least a part of a surface of the silica base particles and is configured with a reaction product of a trifunctional silane coupling agent, and a nitrogen element-containing compound, in which a content of the nitrogen element-containing compound with respect to the silica particles is 0.005% by mass or more and 0.50% by mass or less in terms of N atoms, and the silica particles have a degree of hydrophobicity of 10% or more and 60% or less and a volume resistivity of 1×10.sup.8Ω.Math.cm or more and 1×10.sup.12.5 Ω.Math.cm or less.

Silica particles have silica base particles, a structure that covers at least a part of a surface of the silica base particles and is configured with a reaction product of a trifunctional silane coupling agent, and a nitrogen element-containing compound, in which a content of the nitrogen element-containing compound with respect to the silica particles is 0.005% by mass or more and 0.50% by mass or less in terms of N atoms, and the silica particles have a degree of hydrophobicity of 10% or more and 60% or less and a volume resistivity of 1×10.sup.8Ω.Math.cm or more and 1×10.sup.12.5 Ω.Math.cm or less.

This invention provides core shell silica particles, wherein each core shell silica particle comprises a silica core, and a surface of the silica core etched with group I metal silicate. These core shell silica particles have high surface charge density and anti-bacterial activity. Also provided are compositions comprising core shell silica particles, process of making the core shell silica particles and methods of reducing or inhibiting bacterial activity by administering the core shell silica particles or compositions thereof.

This invention provides core shell silica particles, wherein each core shell silica particle comprises a silica core, and a surface of the silica core etched with group I metal silicate. These core shell silica particles have high surface charge density and anti-bacterial activity. Also provided are compositions comprising core shell silica particles, process of making the core shell silica particles and methods of reducing or inhibiting bacterial activity by administering the core shell silica particles or compositions thereof.