Novel three-dimensional molecular clusters and methods of their synthesis are provided. The three-dimensional molecular clusters may be perfunctionalized polyhedral boranes and carboranes. The three-dimensional clusters may be configured to manipulate the photophysical properties of other materials, including, for example, for use as photooxidants or as components in organic light-emitting diode materials. Methods are also provided for synthesizing and perfunctionalizing such three-dimensional clusters. The three-dimensional clusters may also be configured for use as organomimetic materials.

The invention relates to a method for the synthesis of amorphous and nanostructured lutetium borate hexahydrate and a method for the preparation of stable colloidal dispersions with obtained lutetium borate hexahydrate having a hydrodynamic size below 150 nm, so as to be used in the field of material, medicine, textile and defense.

A metal borate production method is realized by the reaction, M(NO.sub.3)+Na.sub.2B.sub.4O.sub.7.10H.sub.2O.fwdarw.M.B.sub.2O.sub.3. nH.sub.2O+NaNO.sub.3+nH.sub.2O, between borax and perchlorate or nitrate solution comprising a metal, or another completely dissolved metal salt in stochiometric proportion and the synthesis of nano-structured metal borates having antibacterial characteristic without addition of a second. solvent or additive substance to the medium.

A metal borate production method is realized by the reaction, M(NO.sub.3)+Na.sub.2B.sub.4O.sub.7.10H.sub.2O.fwdarw.M.B.sub.2O.sub.3. nH.sub.2O+NaNO.sub.3+nH.sub.2O, between borax and perchlorate or nitrate solution comprising a metal, or another completely dissolved metal salt in stochiometric proportion and the synthesis of nano-structured metal borates having antibacterial characteristic without addition of a second. solvent or additive substance to the medium.

A composition suitable for chemical mechanical polishing a substrate can comprise abrasive particles, a multi-valent metal borate, at least one oxidizer and a solvent. The composition can polish a substrate with a high material removal rate and a very smooth surface finish.

The removal of acid gases (e.g., non-carbon dioxide acid gases) using sorbents that include salts in molten form, and related systems and methods, are generally described.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

The present disclosure discloses an ABO.sub.3 type high-entropy perovskite Ba.sub.x(FeCoNiZrY).sub.0.2O.sub.3-δ electrocatalytic material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of electrocatalytic materials. The electrocatalytic material is prepared by taking hydrated cobalt nitrate, hydrated ferric nitrate, hydrated nickel nitrate, barium nitrate, hydrated yttrium nitrate, hydrated zirconium nitrate and polyacrylonitrile staple fibers as raw materials through processes of liquid phase chelation, gelation, calcination, etc. The prepared high-entropy perovskite Ba.sub.x(FeCoNiZrY).sub.0.2O.sub.3-δ electrocatalytic material can release more electrochemical active sites due to its special nanostructure, thus showing better electrocatalytic activity. Meanwhile, by adjusting the stoichiometric ratio of A/B-site metals, the electronic structure change of five metals in a catalytic center and the change of an oxygen vacancy content are realized, and the purpose of adjusting and optimizing the nitrogen reduction performance is achieved, so that the electrocatalytic material has excellent electrocatalytic conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia gas.

A method for producing a tetrahydroborate is disclosed. The method includes a plasma treatment step of exposing a borate to a hydrogen plasma. The method also includes that the plasma treatment is performed using hydrogen plasma generated by microwave or RF excitation, and the plasma treatment is performed while heating the borate at a temperature between 40° C. and 300° C.

A method for producing a tetrahydroborate is disclosed. The method includes a plasma treatment step of exposing a borate to a hydrogen plasma. The method also includes that the plasma treatment is performed using hydrogen plasma generated by microwave or RF excitation, and the plasma treatment is performed while heating the borate at a temperature between 40° C. and 300° C.