Combined combustion and pyrolysis (CCP) systems, and associated systems and methods, are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the CCP system includes an input valve fluidly coupleable to a fuel supply to receive a hydrocarbon reactant, a CCP reactor fluidly coupled to the input valve, and a carbon separation component fluidly coupled to the CCP reactor. The CCP reactor can include a combustion chamber, a reaction chamber in thermal communication with the combustion chamber and/or fluidly coupled to the input valve, and an insulating material positioned to reduce heat loss from the combustion chamber and/or the reaction chamber. The CCP reactor can also include a combustion component positioned to combust a fuel within the combustion chamber. The combustion can heat the reaction chamber and the hydrocarbon reactant flowing therethrough. The heat causes a pyrolysis of the hydrocarbon reactant that generates hydrogen gas and carbon.

An improved hydrogen generation system comprising a multi-port wave reformer in which shock and expansion waves are created in a manner causing head-on colliding shock waves and multi-stage compression where reacting gases within a eight port wave reformer are heated and compressed to thermally crack or decompose one or more fuel sources, such as hydrocarbon fuels, to generate a fuel product containing hydrogen.

A module for fueling a hydrogen cell is provided including a hydrogen production device, a hydrogen purification device and a hydrogen cell power generation system. The hydrogen production device comprises: a housing, a cavity being formed in the housing, and a first opening, a second opening and a third opening which all communicate with the cavity being formed in the housing; a plasma generating unit contained in the cavity and comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode being close to the first opening, and the second electrode being close to the second opening; a voltage supply unit, a power supply end of the voltage supply unit being electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, and a potential difference exists between the first electrode and the second electrode to generate plasma; a feeding unit communicating with the first opening; and an exhaust unit.

Systems and methods for sequestering carbon, evolving hydrogen gas, producing iron oxide as magnetite, and producing magnesium carbonate as magnesite through sequential carbonation and serpentinization/hydration reactions involving processed olivine- and/or pyroxene-rich ores, as typically found in mafic and ultramafic igneous rock. Precious or scarce metals, such nickel, cobalt, chromium, rare earth elements, and others, may be concentrated in the remaining ore to facilitate their recovery from any gangue material.

A method of using a feedstock gas reactor is described. A hydrocarbon, such as methane, is chemical decomposed in the feedstock gas reactor using heat of combustion generated from the combustion of a combustible gas. A mixed product stream is extracted from the feedstock gas reactor. The mixed product stream comprises hydrogen, carbon, and water. At least a portion of the one or more combustion product gases are vented from the combustion chamber. At least some of the carbon is activated using the vented one or more combustion product gases. At least some of the activated carbon is recycled to the feedstock gas reactor.

Producing hydrogen and carbon from hydrocarbons in a single-step process is described. A feedstock including natural gas or other light (e.g., <C5) hydrocarbons is introduced to a plasma reformer. The plasma reformer typically includes a non-thermal plasma. The plasma separates hydrogen from the carbon of the feedstock, yielding H2 and carbon black. The carbon is separated from the H2, and the H2 is further used as fuel (e.g., generating electricity via fuel cell) either contemporaneously or at a later time, stored, pressurized, or dispensed to a vehicle. Excess electricity generated form the H2 is stored in a battery, and excess is either stored or pressurized. Carbon black is further condensed to reduce volume for storage or transport.

A method and process of producing gasoline and diesel from hydrocarbon wastes, by gradually heating the hydrocarbon waste in a reducing atmosphere, up to 550° C. During the heating process and at various temperature points long chains of hydrocarbon are broken down into smaller hydrocarbon chains. During the heating process radical hydrogen gas is introduced to the reactor where the radical hydrogen gas reacts with smaller hydrocarbon chains to produce 45% coke petroleum oil, 45% liquid hydrocarbons composed of gasoline and gasoil and 10% gases including methane, ethane, propane and steam. The radicalized hydrogen atoms are produced at low temperatures and atmospheric pressure. Hydrogen gas is produced by dissolving aluminum scraps are dissolved in s sodium hydroxide solution in a reactor. As hydrogen gas is produced the reactor is heated to 120° C. in the presence of electromagnetic waves causing the breakdown of hydrogen gas into hydrogen gas radicals.

Provided are a hydrogen purification device and a hydrogen purification method whereby hydrogen having a high purity can be purified at a high yield from a starting gas. The hydrogen purification device comprises: a starting gas source that supplies a starting gas, said starting gas containing hydrogen molecules and/or a hydride, to a discharge space; a plasma reactor that defines at least a part of the discharge space; a hydrogen flow channel that is connected to the discharge space; and leads out purified hydrogen from the starting gas source; a hydrogen separation membrane that partitions the discharge space from the hydrogen flow channel defines at least a part of the discharge space by one surface thereof and defines at least a part of the hydrogen flow channel by the other surface thereof; an electrode that is positioned outside the discharge space; and an adsorbent that is filled in the discharge space and adsorbs the starting gas. In the hydrogen purification method according to the present invention, the starting gas is adsorbed by the adsorbent in the discharge space. Hydrogen molecules, which have been desorbed from the adsorbent by discharge, are allowed to penetrate through the hydrogen separation membrane 4 and led out into the hydrogen flow channel.

Proposed is a process for producing methanol from synthesis gas by means of multi-stage, for example two-stage, heterogeneously catalyzed methanol synthesis, wherein the methanol product formed in every synthesis stage is separated by condensation and the remaining residual gas is supplied to the downstream synthesis stage or after separation of a purge stream recycled to the first synthesis stage as a recycle stream. According to the invention after each synthesis stage the residual gas streams have separated from them a respective purge stream, from which, using one or more hydrogen recovery apparatuses, hydrogen is separated and recycled to the first synthesis stage. The ratio of the individual purge streams and their total molar flow may optionally be varied to allow better control of the reaction in the individual synthesis stages and to allow reaction to the advancing deactivation of the catalysts present therein.

Embodiments of the invention relate to systems and methods for cracking hydrocarbons into hydrogen gas and carbon using heating of a fluidized bed. The systems and methods utilize electrically conductive carbon or graphite particles as a fluidized bed material for heating hydrocarbon feedstock to at least a pyrolysis temperature. The electrically conductive carbon, graphite, or other particles may be heated by electrically powered sources that include induction heating, microwave heating, millimeter wave heating, joule heating and/or plasma heating. Combustion heating may also be employed in varying amounts with varying combinations of electrically powered heating sources.