A process for producing acrylic acid from carbonaceous materials such as biomass. The carbonaceous material, such as biomass, is gasified to produce synthesis gas. The synthesis gas then is subjected to a plurality of reactions to produce acrylic acid.

Combining multiple subsystems involving biomass processing, biomass gasification of the processed biomass where a synthesis gas is produced then converted to hydrogen fuels or other transportation fuels for use in coupled transportation systems sized to consume all the transportation fuel produced. Carbon in the biomass is converted to CO.sub.2 in the conversion process and a portion of that CO.sub.2 is captured and sequestrated for long term storage.

Methods of reducing acid gas from a stream, comprising contacting the stream with a solvent system comprising a glycerol derivative are described herein. Disclosed herein is a composition comprising a glycerol derivative and an acid gas. A method for sweetening a natural gas stream comprising contacting a solvent system comprising a glycerol derivative with a natural gas stream is described herein.

A method of processing stranded remote gas comprising (a) introducing stranded remote gas and steam to a reforming unit to produce synthesis gas (syngas), wherein the stranded remote gas comprises methane, carbon dioxide, and sulfur-containing compounds, and wherein the syngas is characterized by a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide of from about 1.7:1 to about 2.5:1; (b) introducing at least a portion of the syngas to a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) unit to produce an FT syncrude product, FT water, and FT tail gas, wherein the FT syncrude product comprises FT hydrocarbon liquids, wherein the FT syncrude product comprises FT wax in an amount of less than about 5 wt. %, and wherein the FT unit is characterized by an FT reaction temperature of from about 300° C. to about 350° C.; and (c) blending the FT syncrude product with crude oil for storage and/or transport.

A system and method for producing Syngas from the CO.sub.2 in a gaseous stream, such as an exhaust stream, from a power plant or industrial plant, like a cement kiln, is disclosed. A preferred embodiment includes providing the gaseous stream to pyrolysis reactor along with a carbon source such as coke. The CO.sub.2 and carbon are heated to about 1330° C. and at about one atmosphere with reactants such as steam such that a reaction takes place that produces Syngas, carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and hydrogen (H.sub.2). The Syngas is then cleaned and provided to a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor to produce Ethanol or Bio-catalytic synthesis reactor.

A CO shift catalyst according to the present invention reforms carbon monoxide (CO) in gas. The CO shift catalyst has one of molybdenum (Mo) or iron (Fe) as a main component and has an active ingredient having one of nickel (Ni) or ruthenium (Ru) as an accessory component and one or two or more kinds of oxides from among titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), and cerium (Ce) for supporting the active ingredient as a support. The temperature at the time of manufacturing and firing the catalyst is equal to or higher than 550° C.

Provided is a method for reusing an adsorbent which can stably exhibit purification ability by regenerating a used absorbent, in order to keep the composition of a purified syngas constant.

The present invention concerns a method for regenerating a zeolite adsorbent which adsorbs a carbon dioxide gas from a syngas comprising the carbon dioxide gas and reduces the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas in the syngas, comprising: a step of recovering a used zeolite adsorbent; a step of calcining the used zeolite adsorbent at a temperature of 300° C. to 600° C. in an oxygen atmosphere to produce a regenerated zeolite adsorbent; and a step of reusing the regenerated zeolite adsorbent.

A process for separating two gaseous streams, including purifying a first gaseous stream in a first acid gas removal absorber, purifying in a first temperature swing adsorption unit, and then separating at a cryogenic temperature in a separation unit to produce a stream of fluid enriched in carbon monoxide and a stream of fluid enriched in hydrogen, sending a second gaseous stream containing at least carbon monoxide, hydrogen and at least one acid gas to a shift reaction unit, the shifted second stream is purified in a second acid gas removal absorber to remove carbon dioxide and the purified second stream is sent as a feed stream to a pressure swing adsorption unit to produce a hydrogen enriched stream, and sending at least part of the stream enriched in hydrogen from the separation unit as a feed stream to the pressure swing adsorption unit to produce the hydrogen-enriched stream.

Disclosed is methodology for controlling the H2:CO ratio of the product produced in a partial oxidation reactor, by carrying out the partial oxidation under temperature conditions that produce less than maximum conversion.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a diesel reformer system comprising: a diesel autothermal reforming unit; a post-reforming unit disposed downstream of the autothermal reforming unit; a heat exchanger disposed downstream of the post-reforming unit; and a desulfurization unit disposed downstream of the heat exchanger.