A chemical plant including: a reforming section arranged to receive a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons and provide a combined synthesis gas stream, wherein the reforming section includes: an electrically heated reforming reactor housing a first catalyst, an autothermal reforming reactor in parallel with the electrically heated reforming reactor, wherein the reforming section is arranged to output a combined synthesis gas stream including at least part of the first and/or second synthesis gas streams, an optional post processing unit downstream the reforming section, a gas separation unit arranged to separate a synthesis gas stream into a water condensate and an intermediate synthesis gas, and a downstream section arranged to receive the intermediate synthesis gas and to process the intermediate synthesis gas to a chemical product and an off-gas. Also, a process for producing a chemical product from a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons.

An apparatus and method to desulfurize a biogas containing sulfur. Since biogas is produced by an anaerobic digester from human, animal, kitchen and agriculture's wastes, it is a short term recycled product from the photosynthesis of CO.sub.2, and has a net zero carbon emission. The sulfur compounds in the biogas can be removed by the following steps: (1) converting all sulfur compounds into H.sub.2S by the hydrogen produced from the biogas over Pt group metal catalysts; (2) adsorbing the H.sub.2S at high temperature by the regenerable Pt group metal catalyst and adsorbents. The desulfurized biogas is further converted by an ATR/CPO reformer or a steam generating reformer to produce various reformates.

A porous carbon-based metal catalyst, a preparation method and application thereof are provided. The preparation method includes: successively performing activation, surface corrosion, nitrogen-doping treatment and graphitization treatment on washed micro-grade porous carbon, then performing sensitization treatment, and subsequently carrying out loading, reduction and other treatments of catalytic metal, so as to finally obtain the porous carbon-based metal catalyst. The porous carbon-based metal catalyst provided by the present application has excellent catalytic performance, is especially suitable for producing hydrogen by efficiently catalytically decomposing ammonia borane, is not prone to inactivation, and is easy to regenerate after inactivation. Meanwhile, the preparation method is environmental-friendly, is suitable for large-scale production and has a wide application prospect in the fields such as hydrogen fuel batteries.

Catalyst systems are provided for reforming of hydrocarbons, along with methods for using such catalyst systems. The catalyst systems can be deposited or otherwise coated on a surface or structure, such as a monolith, to achieve improved activity and/or structural stability. The metal oxide support layer can correspond to a thermally stable metal oxide support layer, such as a metal oxide support layer that is thermally phase stable at temperatures of 800° C. to 1600° C. The catalyst systems can be beneficial for use in cyclical reaction environments, such as reverse flow reactors or other types of reactors that are operated using flows in opposing directions and different times within a reaction cycle.

Systems and methods are provided for using size-reversing materials in vessels where direct heating is used to at least partially provide heat for reforming reactions under cyclic reforming conditions. An example of a size-reversing material is the combination of NiO and Al.sub.2O.sub.3. It has been discovered that size-reversing materials can undergo a phase transition that can assist with re-dispersion of metal at elevated temperatures. This can assist with maintaining catalytic activity for reforming over longer time periods in the presence of cyclic reforming conditions.

The present invention deals with catalysts for the conversion of CO by the shifting reaction of high temperature water gas, free from chromium and iron, consisting of alumina promoted by potassium, by zinc and copper oxides and in a second embodiment also additionally nickel. The catalysts thus prepared maintain high CO conversion activity, not having the environmental limitations or operating limitations with low excess steam in the process, which exist for catalysts in accordance with the state of the art. Such catalysts are used in the hydrogen or synthesis gas production process by the steam reforming of hydrocarbons, allow the use of low steam/carbon ratios in the process, exhibiting high activity and stability to thermal deactivation and lower environmental restrictions for production, storage, use and disposal, than the industrially used catalysts based on iron, chromium, and copper oxides.

Modified red mud catalyst compositions, methods for production, and methods of use in autothermal reforming, the composition comprising: red mud material produced from an alumina extraction process from bauxite ore; and nickel oxide, the nickel oxide present at between about 5 wt. % to about 40 wt. % of the modified red mud catalyst composition.

Disclosed is a method for preparing a synthesis gas. The method may include performing a combined reforming reaction by injecting a reaction gas including water (H.sub.2O) and heat-treating it in the presence of the catalyst. The catalyst may include a mesoporous support including regularly distributed mesopores, metal nanoparticles supported on the support, and a metal oxide coating layer coated on a surface of the support.

A bimetallic catalyst composition containing a mesh substrate having supported thereon an alumina washcoat on which are impregnated bimetallic particles of rhodium and ruthenium in specified amounts. A process for the catalytic partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon, such as methane or natural gas, involving contacting the hydrocarbon with an oxidant in the presence of the aforementioned bimetallic catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to produce synthesis gas, that is, to a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

The present invention relates to processes for the preparation of biofuel from biomass by fast hydropyrolysis or fast pyrolysis, using hydrogen generated by sorption enhanced steam reforming. The present invention also relates to fixed bed tandem catalytic-upgrading processes, and reactors and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) catalysts useful in those processes.