One or more embodiments relates to compositions, method of using and methods of producing a gas mixture. The method includes supplying a composition La.sub.xSr.sub.yCo.sub.zM.sub.wO.sub.3, where x ranges from 0.5 to 1, y ranges 0.0 to 1-x, z ranges from 0.1 to 1.0, and M is a dopant or dopants where w ranges from 0.0 to 1-z; and energizing the composition directly using electromagnetic energy to heat the composition to a temperature above 700° C. The method further includes contacting the composition with a reactant gas mixture comprising methane and an oxidant forming a product gaseous mixture.

The invention relates to CeO.sub.2 and La.sub.2O.sub.3 for catalyzing Fe.sub.2O.sub.3Al.sub.2O.sub.3 based chemical-looping reforming of CH.sub.4 with CO.sub.2 (CL-DRM). The reaction performance of all the composite oxygen carriers was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor at atmospheric pressure condition. The influencing factors, including temperature and time-on-stream (TOS) were investigated. The characteristics of the oxygen carriers were checked with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The reducibility of the composite materials was elucidated with temperature-programmed reduction by CH.sub.4 (CH.sub.4-TPR). Preliminary experimental observations suggest that the simultaneous presence of CeO.sub.2 and La.sub.2O.sub.3 can not only enhance the reactivity of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3Al.sub.2O.sub.3 toward CH.sub.4 oxidation and its oxygen releasing rate for fast reaction kinetics, but also improve the reactivity of its reduced form toward CO.sub.2 splitting.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to compositions, processes, and devices for conversion of acetylene to hydrogen and carbon nanomaterials. In a further aspect, the disclosed methods comprise microwave irradiation of a feed stream comprising acetylene in the presence of a catalyst. Also disclosed are compositions produced by the disclosed methods. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

A system includes a reactor configured for catalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen and byproduct solids via contact of water and aluminum in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal, a metal hydroxide, a metal oxide, or a combination thereof, wherein the reactor comprises one or more inlets whereby water, aluminum, the catalyst, or a combination thereof are introduced to a reaction chamber of the reactor, an outlet for hydrogen, and an outlet for a slurry comprising water, catalyst, and solids comprising aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, or a combination thereof, a solid/liquid separation apparatus configured to separate the solids from the slurry to provide a solids-reduced slurry, and oilfield equipment. The oilfield equipment is operable via the hydrogen as fuel and/or via electricity produced from the hydrogen.

One or more embodiments relates to compositions, method of using and methods of producing a gas mixture. The method includes supplying a composition La.sub.xSr.sub.yCo.sub.zM.sub.wO.sub.3, where x ranges from 0.5 to 1, y ranges 0.0 to 1-x, z ranges from 0.1 to 1.0, and M is a dopant or dopants where w ranges from 0.0 to 1-z; and energizing the composition directly using electromagnetic energy to heat the composition to a temperature above 700? C. The method further includes contacting the composition with a reactant gas mixture comprising methane and an oxidant forming a product gaseous mixture.

This invention is directed to novel mixed transition metal iron (II/III) catalysts for the extraction of oxygen from CO.sub.2 and the selective reaction with organic compounds.

A hydrogen production device that includes a reactor that includes a filler containing a catalyst for pyrolysis of a hydrocarbon; a gas supply section that supplies gas containing a hydrocarbon compound; and a microwave irradiation section that irradiates the catalyst with a microwave. The gas supply section supplies the gas at a flow rate at which the filler is fluidized, and hydrogen is generated by the hydrocarbon compound being pyrolyzed in the presence of the catalyst activated by the microwave. A carbon aggregate production device includes a reactor that includes a filler containing a catalyst for pyrolysis of a hydrocarbon; a gas supply section that supplies, to the reactor, gas containing a hydrocarbon compound; and a microwave irradiation section that irradiates the catalyst with a microwave. The gas supply section supplies the gas at a flow rate at which the filler is fluidized, and a carbon aggregate is generated by the hydrocarbon compound being pyrolyzed in the presence of the catalyst activated by the microwave.

This invention is directed to novel mixed transition metal iron (II/III) catalysts for the extraction of oxygen from CO.sub.2 and the selective reaction with organic compounds.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to CO.sub.2-free and/or low-CO.sub.2 methods of co-producing hydrogen and solid forms of carbon via natural gas decomposition using microwave radiation. The methods are efficient, self-sustaining, and environmentally benign. In a further aspect, the disclosure relates to recyclable and recoverable catalysts useful for enhancing the disclosed methods, wherein the catalysts are supported by solid forms of carbon. Methods for recycling the catalysts are also disclosed. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Disclosed is a method of producing hydrogen (H.sub.2) gas and calcium carbonate from formaldehyde. The method includes combining an aqueous base, formaldehyde, and a transition metal complex having a coordination bond between a transition metal and a leaving group to form a homogeneous aqueous solution having a basic pH, wherein the leaving group dissociates from the transition metal complex in response to light and/or the basic pH of the solution, producing hydrogen (H.sub.2) gas and formate or a salt thereof from the formaldehyde present in the homogeneous aqueous solution, and producing calcium carbonate using the formate or salt thereof as a carbon source.