The invention relates to a process for the production of liquid hydrocarbons by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in which the reforming section of the plant comprises a process line comprising autothermal reforming (ATR) (5) or catalytic partial oxidation (CPO), and a separate process line comprising steam methane reforming (SMR) (8).

The invention relates to a process for the production of liquid hydrocarbons by the use of light-end fractions from downstream synthesis in the reforming section of the plant.

Disclosed is a single process for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon from methane by forming gas products comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and solid products comprising carbon and an iron-based catalyst from methane in a methane-containing feedstock through pyrolysis route involving auto-thermal reduction in a rotary kiln-type reactor in the presence of an iron-based catalyst and separating and recovering respective products.

Various techniques are disclosed for pretreating municipal solid waste (MSW) and other biomass-containing feedstocks that may be of a poorer quality and consequently more difficult, or even impossible, to convert to higher value liquid products (e.g., transportation fuels) using conventional processes. Such conventional processes may otherwise be satisfactory for the conversion of the biomass portion of the feedstock alone. The pretreatment of biomass-containing feedstocks may generally include steps carried out prior to a hydropyrolysis step and optionally further steps, in order to change one or more characteristics of the feedstock, rendering it more easily upgradable.

Various techniques are disclosed for pretreating municipal solid waste (MSW) and other biomass-containing feedstocks that may be of a poorer quality and consequently more difficult, or even impossible, to convert to higher value liquid products (e.g., transportation fuels) using conventional processes. Such conventional processes may otherwise be satisfactory for the conversion of the biomass portion of the feedstock alone. The pretreatment of biomass-containing feedstocks may generally include steps carried out prior to a hydropyrolysis step and optionally further steps, in order to change one or more characteristics of the feedstock, rendering it more easily upgradable.

A method for reforming hydrocarbon-containing feed gas into synthesis gas, involving processing of the feed gas by pre-reforming at least partially converting one or more higher hydrocarbons into methane, and heating the feed gas by exothermic catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbons before the introduction thereof into the main reforming zone, and, subsequent to the pre-reforming, reforming the pre-reformed product with the addition of a controlled quantity of an oxidizing agent.

A phosphate-free automatic dishwashing detergent composition containing a coated bleach particle and one or more of an enzyme particle or an amino-acid based builder, wherein the composition has increased stability.

The invention relates to a process for the production of liquid hydrocarbons by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in which the reforming section of the plant comprises a process line comprising autothermal reforming (ATR) (5) or catalytic partial oxidation (CPO), and a separate process line comprising steam methane reforming (SMR) (8).

Process for the production of synthesis gas from hydrocarbon feed containing higher hydrocarbons comprising by-passing a portion of the hydrocarbon feed around a first pre-reforming stage and passing the pre-reformed and bypassed portions through at least a second pre-reforming stage.

In some embodiments, a method of transporting hydrogen, may comprise: at a first hydrocarbon processing facility, hydrocracking a hydrocarbon feed to form a hydrocracked effluent, transporting the hydrocracked effluent, or a portion thereof, from the first hydrocarbon processing facility to a second hydrocarbon processing facility, and at the second hydrocarbon processing facility, dehydrogenating a portion of the hydrocracked effluent to form hydrogen gas. The first hydrocarbon processing facility and the second hydrocarbon processing facility may be at least 100 km apart from one another.