A combined hydrogen and electricity supply system for producing hydrogen, electrical Power (P) and co-production, the system including a variable electrical load for varying the amount of impedance on the system, a pre-reformer connected to a stream of carbonaceous fuel, a stream of steam and connected to a heating source. The pre-reformer produces a first reformate gas having at least hydrogen, carbon monoxide and unconverted carbonaceous fuel. The pre-reformer is responsive to the amount of heat provided by the heating source, a solid oxide fuel cell stack coupled to the variable electrical load and coupled to the first reformate gas. The ratio between electrical power (P) and amount of hydrogen produced depends at least on the variable electrical load and the heat provided by the heating source.

A method of operating a reformer furnace is disclosed. The method comprises using a carbon margin in balancing the furnace temperature thereby leading to carbon free formation operation and improved efficiency.

The invention relates to a method and to a device for performing a process (P) having at least one heat-consuming process step (F). A first fluid (2), which arises in the process and contains acid gases and water vapor, is cooled indirectly against a second fluid (7), an acidic condensate thus being formed. The invention is characterized in that the first fluid (2) is cooled in at least two successive steps (E1, E2), between which heat for use in the heat-consuming process step (V) is indirectly drawn from the second fluid (10).

The present invention relates, in general, to systems and methods for generating hydrogen from ammonia on-board vehicles, where the produced hydrogen is used as fuel source for an internal combustion engine. The present invention utilizes an electric catalyst unit operating in series with a heat exchange catalyst unit. The electric catalyst unit is used to initiate an ammonia cracking process on-board during a cold start or low load operating condition of the internal combustion engine, where the ammonia cracking process occurs in the heat exchange catalyst unit once exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine has been heated to a threshold temperature suitable to perform the ammonia cracking process.

Disclosed is a single process for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon from methane by forming gas products comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and solid products comprising carbon and an iron-based catalyst from methane in a methane-containing feedstock through pyrolysis route involving auto-thermal reduction in a rotary kiln-type reactor in the presence of an iron-based catalyst and separating and recovering respective products.

A reactor system for partial oxidation gasification includes a reactor vessel that has a defined reaction zone with a reaction zone inlet and a reaction zone outlet. An injector section is operable to inject reactants to the reaction zone inlet. A coolant injector is operable to inject a coolant adjacent a reaction zone outlet. A reactor vessel outlet is located downstream of the coolant injector. A controller is configured to operate the coolant injector with respect to cooling a synthesis gas discharged from the reaction zone outlet and upwardly shifting a ratio H.sub.2:CO to a target ratio.

The present invention relates, in general, to systems and methods for generating hydrogen from ammonia on-board vehicles, where the produced hydrogen is used as fuel source for an internal combustion engine. The present invention utilizes an electric catalyst unit operating in series with a heat exchange catalyst unit. The electric catalyst unit is used to initiate an ammonia cracking process on-board during a cold start or low load operating condition of the internal combustion engine, where the ammonia cracking process occurs in the heat exchange catalyst unit once exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine has been heated to a threshold temperature suitable to perform the ammonia cracking process.

The present invention relates to a method of reducing a catalyst utilized in a hydrogen plant. More specifically, the invention relates the reduction of a catalyst employed in the steam methane reformer.

A system and a process for CO.sub.2 shift is provided. The system comprises a Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reactor, and a heat exchange reactor, HER. A first feed is converted in the RWGS reactor into a first product stream comprising CO. A second feed is arranged to be fed to a process side of the HER. At least a portion of the first product stream is arranged to be fed to a heating side of the HER such that heat from the first product stream is transferred to the process side of the HER, thereby allowing the conversion of the second feed to a second product stream comprising CO in the process side of the HER.

The disclosure discloses a reformer of a system for preparing hydrogen with an aqueous solution of methanol, a system for preparing hydrogen with an aqueous solution of methanol and a hydrogen production method. An end of a reformer of a system for preparing hydrogen with an aqueous solution of methanol has an initiation device, the initiation device includes a holder, the holder has a material input tube, a heating vaporization tube, an ignition device and a temperature detection device; the material input tube and the heating vaporization tube are communicated, the material enters the heating vaporization tube through the material input tube and is exported from an end of the heating vaporization tube; a position of the ignition device is corresponding to the end of the heating vaporization tube, the ignition device is applied to ignite the material exported from the heating vaporization tube.