There is described a method of producing hydrogen and nitrogen using a feedstock gas reactor. Reaction of feedstock and combustion gases in the reactor produces hydrogen and nitrogen through pyrolysis of the feedstock gas. Parameters of the process may be adjusted to control the ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen that is produced such that it may be suitable, for example, for the synthesis of ammonia.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for hydrogen production as well as apparatuses useful in such systems and methods. Hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon in a gas heated reformer that is heated using one or more streams comprising combustion products of a fuel in an oxidant, preferably in the presence of a carbon dioxide circulating stream.

Disclosed is a single process for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon from methane by forming gas products comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and solid products comprising carbon and an iron-based catalyst from methane in a methane-containing feedstock through pyrolysis route involving auto-thermal reduction in a rotary kiln-type reactor in the presence of an iron-based catalyst and separating and recovering respective products.

In an ammonia or hydrogen plant comprising a desulfurisation section, a reforming section and a shift section, where the shift section comprises a low temperature shift converter and a medium temperature shift converter, a vent line is arranged downstream from the low temperature shift converter and the medium temperature shift converter in order to allow the shift converters to be re-heated with process gas at a low pressure (typically 3-7 bar). This way condensation of water vapour in the process gas is avoided. By applying this vent line it becomes possible to save significant time, more specifically 8-24 hours, for restarting the production after temporary shut-down thereof, because a heat-up of the LTS/MTS converter in circulating nitrogen is avoided.

The invention modernizes abandoned or inefficient petrochemical plants for the production of jet fuel, diesel, naphtha, drilling fuels and wax. It utilizes an amine system shifted in a brownfield situation and a PRISM unit to cleanse incoming syngas and obtain an optimal H2:CO ratio for conversion. The refit and repurposing introduces novel heat transfer elements to a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactor and embarks a proprietary FT catalyst for the production of GTL products. It also incorporates unique FT analyzers to monitor hydrocarbon streams and aid production and Coriolis flow meters for precise measurements of liquid wax flow, unaffected by wax congestion or vibration. Feedstocks include numerous sources such as Natural gas, Biomass, etc

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia (NH.sub.3). A heater may heat reformers and NH.sub.3 reforming catalysts therein. NH.sub.3 may be directed to the reformers from storage tanks, and the NH.sub.3 may be decomposed to generate a reformate stream comprising hydrogen (H.sub.2) and nitrogen (N.sub.2). At least part of the reformate stream may be used to heat the reformers.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for hydrogen production as well as apparatuses useful in such systems and methods. Hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon in a gas heated reformer that is heated using one or more streams comprising combustion products of a fuel in an oxidant, preferably in the presence of a carbon dioxide circulating stream.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for hydrogen production as well as apparatuses useful in such systems and methods. Hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon in a gas heated reformer that is heated using one or more streams comprising combustion products of a fuel in an oxidant, preferably in the presence of a carbon dioxide circulating stream.

A system for producing hydrogen including a methane pyrolysis reactor, a solid-gas separator, and a downstream unit. The system includes a hydrogen and nitrogen feed upstream of the reactor that includes a tube reactor, a catalyst, a frit, and a heating mechanism. The system includes a first and second pressure gauge. A process for producing hydrogen including feeding a hydrogen stream to activate a catalyst, feeding a methane feed to a methane pyrolysis reactor, monitoring a differential pressure, feeding a nitrogen stream to purge the catalyst, feeding the methane pyrolysis product stream to a solid-gas separator, recovering the solid carbon byproduct, feeding a gas mixture stream into a downstream unit and recovering the separated hydrogen. A process for producing hydrogen using methane pyrolysis reactors by concurrently operating at least one of the reactors in a reaction mode and at least one of the reactors in a regeneration mode.

A method for operating a plant during an upset condition is provided. The plant includes a hydrogen plant having a syngas generator, a syngas separation unit having one or more of a pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, or membrane system, and a carbon dioxide removal system having one or more of a syngas separation unit tail gas dryer/compressor, a cryogenic cold box, a membrane separator, and a carbon dioxide compression unit. The method for operating the plant when the carbon dioxide removal system is off-line includes introducing a process feed stream and a burner fuel stream into the syngas generator, thereby producing a flue gas stream and a syngas stream; introducing the syngas stream into the syngas separation unit, thereby producing a hydrogen product stream and a syngas separation unit tail gas stream; and bypassing the off-line carbon dioxide removal system and combining at least a portion of the syngas separation unit tail gas with burner fuel stream.