Integrated energy systems, such as for use in green industrial processes that produce few or no carbon emissions, and associated devices and methods are described herein. A representative integrated energy system can include a power plant system having multiple modular nuclear reactors. The nuclear reactors can generate steam for direct industrial use or for use in an electrical power conversion system to generate electricity. Individual ones of the nuclear reactors can be configured to flexibly generate differing outputs of steam or electricity based on the vary requirements of the industrial processes of the integrated energy system. The industrial processes can include, for example, the production of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, ammonia, urea, sulfur, sulfuric acid, and/or other useful chemicals.

Systems and methods are provided for using a reverse-flew reactor (or another reactor with flows in opposing directions at different parts of a process cycle) as part of a reaction system for production of ammonia and/or urea. Using a reverse flow reactor as part of an ammonia production process can provide a variety of advantages, including direct heating of the reaction environment, and simplified generation of multiple high-purity reagent streams for ammonia and/or urea synthesis.

Carbonaceous product may be generated using systems and methods provided herein. Carbon dioxide may be sequestered. The carbonaceous product may include carbon black.

Disclosed is an Offshore Energy Generation System (OEGS), zero greenhouse gases emissions during operations, earthquake and tsunami proof, nuclear meltdown safe, floating ship-shaped, moored. The INVENTION delivers clean energy in the form of electricity and/or ammonia (NH.sub.3) and freshwater to offshore or onshore consumers. The INVENTION is effective, affordable and reliable solution for the global climate change and the freshwater scarcity crisis. By deploying this INVENTION across the world, the net zero emissions targets from IPCC can be achieved and the water scarcity crisis mitigated. The INVENTION enables better safety of the population served, optimal use of land, eliminate land use conflicts and enables the protection of the world cultural heritage. The INVENTION comprises of an electric power generation system based on nuclear or hydrogen (H.sub.2) fuel cells, ammonia generation, freshwater generation, offshore cranes, data processing centers, blockchain, helideck, telecommunications system, automation and control system, nitrogen and hydrogen generation systems.

A method for revamping a catalytic converter wherein: said catalytic converter comprises a pressure vessel and a catalytic cartridge containing at least one catalyst bed, the pressure vessel includes a cylindrical shell with a full aperture and includes a removable cover of said aperture, and the catalytic cartridge is removable through said upper aperture, and the method includes: installing an additional shell over the aperture of the original shell, thus obtaining an axially extended shell of the pressure vessel; providing an axially extended catalytic cartridge having an axially extended room for holding catalyst in the so obtained axially extended shell.

An improved performance ammonia plant system utilizing both a direct and indirect chilling of the compressed process air train using a single or multistage chilling system integrated with the ammonia plant ammonia compression train to increase process air flow to the secondary ammonia reformer of the ammonia plant.

Integrated process for the synthesis of ammonia and nitric acid, comprising a synthesis of nitric acid including the following steps: a) subjecting a stream of ammonia (10) to catalytic oxidation, obtaining a gaseous stream containing nitrogen oxides (13); b) subjecting said gaseous stream to a process of absorption of nitrogen oxides, providing nitric acid (16) and a tail gas (17) containing nitrogen and residual nitrogen oxides; c) subjecting at least a portion of said first tail gas (17) to a process of removal of nitrogen oxides, providing a nitrogen oxides-depleted tail gas (18), and comprising a synthesis of ammonia by catalytic conversion of a make-up gas (126, 226) comprising hydrogen and nitrogen in an ammonia synthesis loop, wherein at least a portion (18b, 18d, 21) of said second tail gas is used as nitrogen source for obtaining said make-up gas (126, 226).

A process for the synthesis of ammonia from a hydrocarbon feedstock, wherein the process includes reforming the hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a make-up gas and converting said make-up gas into ammonia, the process is performed in an ammonia synthesis plant requiring an electric power for operation and also requiring a start-up power (Ps) for start-up, wherein a first electric power (P1) is internally produced in the ammonia plant, and a second electric power (P2) is imported, wherein said second electric power is equal to or greater than said start-up power (Ps).

The present invention concerns a process for increasing the productivity of equilibrium-restricted reactions and for increasing the productivity of a target compound. This process comprises the steps of (a) providing a reaction mixture comprising reactants; (b) subjecting the reaction mixture to the equilibrium reaction in a reactor or sequence of reactors, to obtain a reactor outlet mixture comprising the target compound and at least one of the reactants; (c) regenerating the loaded sorbent obtained in step (e), by flushing the loaded sorbent with the reactor outlet mixture originating from step (b), to obtain regenerated sorbent and an effluent comprising desorbed product; (d) separating the effluent originating from step (c) into a product stream and a reactant stream; and (e) a sorption step, wherein (i) the reactant stream originating from step (d); and/or (ii) an intermediate reaction mixture, which is obtained at the outlet of a reactor not being the last reactor of the reactor sequence, prior to being subjected to the subsequent reactor of the reactor sequence, is contacted with a sorbent selective for one or more of the products of the equilibrium reaction, to obtain a loaded sorbent and a depleted mixture.

Systems and methods for the synthesis of ammonia includes a reformer; a carbon monoxide converter; a carbon dioxide scrubber unit with recovery; a methanation unit; and an ammonia synthesis unit; wherein the carbon dioxide scrubber unit with recovery is connected to at least one fired auxiliary steam boiler.