A method for producing ammonia from nitrogen molecules, by supplying electrons from a power source, protons from a proton source, and nitrogen molecules from a device for supplying nitrogen gas, in the presence of a molecular catalyst and a solid catalyst at the cathode of a production apparatus that performs electrolysis. Regarding the molecular catalyst and the solid catalyst, bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride, for example, is used as the molecular catalyst, and a metal catalyst, an oxide catalyst, or a combination thereof is used as the solid catalyst.

A method for producing ammonia involves producing ammonia from molecular nitrogen in a production apparatus for performing electrolysis by supplying electrons from a power source, protons from a proton source and molecular nitrogen from a device for supplying a nitrogen gas while in the presence of a solid catalyst and a complex in a cathode. For example, a molybdenum complex represented by formula (A1) or formula (B2) as the complex, and a platinum catalyst or a platinum catalyst/gold catalyst combination as the solid catalyst are used.

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Included are: a raw material component storage unit that stores the raw material component supplied to the ammonia synthesis unit; a high-pressure raw material component storage unit that stores the raw material component at a pressure higher than a pressure at which the raw material component is stored in the raw material component storage unit; and a surplus electric power processing unit including a high-pressure raw material component transfer unit that boosts and transfers the raw material component from the raw material component storage unit to the high-pressure raw material component storage unit, and an expander that converts pressure energy of the raw material component supplied from the high-pressure raw material component storage unit into motive power to generate power.

A method of ammonia synthesis is described that includes contacting a nitrogen gas-containing plasma with an aqueous solution, thereby forming ammonia from the nitrogen gas and water. The nitrogen gas-containing plasma is present in an electrochemical cell. The electrochemical cell includes a container including an acidic liquid electrolyte. The electrochemical cell also includes a source of nitrogen gas, a metal electrode at least partially immersed in the electrolyte, a metal tube electrode spaced apart from a surface of the electrolyte by a predetermined spacing. The electrochemical cell is configured to provide a plasma spanning the predetermined space from the metal tube electrode to contact the surface of the electrolyte when power is applied to the metal tube electrode.

The present disclosure is related to the field of chemistry and provides methods and devices for stimulation of endothermic reactions in gas phase with high activation barriers by nanosecond pulsed electrical discharge. It can be used for, e.g., CO.sub.2 functionalization of methane, H.sub.2S dissociation, hydrogen and syngas production, for processing ammonia synthesis and dissociation, etc. Some embodiments include methods and devices associated with the stimulation of plasma chemical reactions with nanosecond pulse electric discharge in the presence of gas flow.

Chemical production systems which allow for an optimized carbon footprint are presented. Plasma-based reforming systems may provide a viable alternative to standard chemical production techniques, such systems can reduce the carbon footprint of the chemicals produced. Example systems include the production of synthesis gas (syngas), hydrogen, synthetic hydrocarbon fuels, ammonia, and urea. Reducing the carbon footprint of chemicals such as these is of vital importance to reducing the environmental impact of industries such as transportation and agriculture. In many of the embodiments a secondary product is produced, the sale of this secondary product may make the primary low-carbon footprint chemical more economical. In many cases the secondary product is carbon, methods of sequestering this carbon via reverse mining and enhanced oil and gas recovery are presented.

A process for the synthesis of ammonia from a hydrocarbon feedstock, wherein the process includes reforming the hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a make-up gas and converting said make-up gas into ammonia, the process is performed in an ammonia synthesis plant requiring an electric power for operation and also requiring a start-up power (Ps) for start-up, wherein a first electric power (P1) is internally produced in the ammonia plant, and a second electric power (P2) is imported, wherein said second electric power is equal to or greater than said start-up power (Ps).

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to processes for production of ammonia and hydrogen under low reaction severity using as reactants nitrogen and at least one C1-C4 hydrocarbon, e.g., methane. The disclosed processes are carried out using a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a metal selected from Group 7, Group 8, Group 9, Group 10, Group 11, and combinations thereof; wherein the metal is present in an amount from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the total weight of the heterogeneous catalyst; and a metal oxide support. The processes can be carried out at about ambient pressure and at a heterogeneous catalyst temperature of from about 50° C. to about 250° C. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure provides a Cu.sub.1.81S catalyst for synthesizing NH.sub.3 and a method for synthesizing NH.sub.3 using the same. According to the present disclosure, the Cu.sub.1.81S catalyst is provided in order to increase an efficiency of NH.sub.3 synthesis. A copper sulfide catalyst and the method for synthesizing NH.sub.3 via an electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) using the Cu.sub.1.81S catalyst are provided in order to reduce a limiting potential (UL) required for the NRR. In the NRR for the NH.sub.3 synthesis, it is provided the copper sulfide catalyst that can be used in any one of two different pathways for the NRR, and the method for synthesizing NH.sub.3 with higher activity of the NRR based thereon.

A system for synthesizing ammonia includes a reactor including an inlet portion, an outlet portion, and an energy source arranged to deliver energy to one or more reactants receivable through the inlet portion of the reactor, and the energy source activatable to reduce nitrogen to ammonia in the presence of hydrogen, at least one hydrogen pump in fluid communication with the outlet portion of the reactor, each hydrogen pump including at least one electrochemical cell, and a recirculation circuit in fluid communication between the at least one hydrogen pump and the inlet portion of the reactor and configured to direct a respective hydrogen stream from each hydrogen pump to the inlet portion of the reactor.