To provide an aluminum surface treatment method for manufacturing a polymer-aluminum joint structure having excellent bond strength. An aluminum surface treatment method for bonding with a polymer composite which is characterized in that it includes (a) a primary anodizing treatment step wherein the aluminum surface is treated by anodic oxidation; (b) a step wherein the aluminum oxide film is removed from the aluminum that has undergone the primary anodizing treatment; and (c) a secondary anodizing treatment step wherein the aluminum from which the aluminum oxide film is removed following the primary anodizing treatment is treated by anodic oxidation again.

Cathode material from exhausted lithium ion batteries are dissolved in a solution for extracting the useful elements Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Al (Aluminum) and Mn (manganese) to produce active cathode materials for new batteries. The solution includes compounds of desirable materials such as cobalt, nickel, aluminum and manganese dissolved as compounds from the exhausted cathode material of spent cells. Depending on a desired proportion, or ratio, of the desired materials, raw materials are added to the solution to achieve the desired ratio of the commingled compounds for the recycled cathode material for new cells. The desired materials precipitate out of solution without extensive heating or separation of the desired materials into individual compounds or elements. The resulting active cathode material has the predetermined ratio for use in new cells, and avoids high heat typically required to separate the useful elements because the desired materials remain commingled in solution.

Cathode material from exhausted lithium ion batteries are dissolved in a solution for extracting the useful elements Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Al (Aluminum) and Mn (manganese) to produce active cathode materials for new batteries. The solution includes compounds of desirable materials such as cobalt, nickel, aluminum and manganese dissolved as compounds from the exhausted cathode material of spent cells. Depending on a desired proportion, or ratio, of the desired materials, raw materials are added to the solution to achieve the desired ratio of the commingled compounds for the recycled cathode material for new cells. The desired materials precipitate out of solution without extensive heating or separation of the desired materials into individual compounds or elements. The resulting active cathode material has the predetermined ratio for use in new cells, and avoids high heat typically required to separate the useful elements because the desired materials remain commingled in solution.

Cathode material from exhausted lithium ion batteries are dissolved in a solution for extracting the useful elements Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Al (Aluminum) and Mn (manganese) to produce active cathode materials for new batteries. The solution includes compounds of desirable materials such as cobalt, nickel, aluminum and manganese dissolved as compounds from the exhausted cathode material of spent cells. Depending on a desired proportion, or ratio, of the desired materials, raw materials are added to the solution to achieve the desired ratio of the commingled compounds for the recycled cathode material for new cells. The desired materials precipitate out of solution without extensive heating or separation of the desired materials into individual compounds or elements. The resulting active cathode material has the predetermined ratio for use in new cells, and avoids high heat typically required to separate the useful elements because the desired materials remain commingled in solution.

To provide an aluminum surface treatment method for manufacturing a polymer-aluminum joint structure having excellent bond strength. An aluminum surface treatment method for bonding with a polymer composite which is characterized in that it includes (a) a primary anodizing treatment step wherein the aluminum surface is treated by anodic oxidation; (b) a step wherein the aluminum oxide film is removed from the aluminum that has undergone the primary anodizing treatment; and (c) a secondary anodizing treatment step wherein the aluminum from which the aluminum oxide film is removed following the primary anodizing treatment is treated by anodic oxidation again.

Method embodiments useful for recycling spent lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrodes to extract critical and/or valuable elements from LIBs are provided and involve mechanochemical processing of spent LIB electrodes in the presence of certain chemical agents to recover products that can include, but are not limited to, metallic solids such as elemental metals or metal alloys, and/or inorganic compounds, metal salts, or organometallic derivatives. The desired products can be separated from by-products and contaminants and further processed into LIB electrode materials or/and other substances.

A method for obtaining aluminum-containing nanoparticles is provided. The method includes exposing at least one surface comprising aluminum to an alkaline aqueous solution. The method further includes exposing the at least one surface to electro-hydraulic shock waves and an electron flux. The at least one surface undergoes electro-erosion which creates alumina-hydrated nanoparticles having a negative surface electrical charge. The method further includes transforming the alumina-hydrated nanoparticles into aquachelate nanoparticles by attaching water molecules to the alumina-hydrated nanoparticles

Methods, systems, and compositions related to the recycling and/or recovery of activating materials from activated aluminum are disclosed. In one embodiment, an aqueous solution's composition may be controlled to maintain aluminum ions dissolved in solution during reaction of an activated aluminum. In another embodiment, aluminum hydroxide containing the activating materials may be dissolved into an aqueous solution to isolate the activating materials.

We disclose herein a viable, cost efficient method for the instantaneous production of hydrogen gas. Hydrogen gas production is increased by utilizing solar and lunar energy. The hydrogen gas is generated spontaneously by the reaction of sodium hydroxide and aluminum as corrosion occurs, forming a layer of aluminum oxide upon the aluminum. This aluminum oxide layer prevents further reaction of sodium hydroxide and aluminum, and thus no more hydrogen gas is produced. Production of aluminum oxide can be bypassed by adding acetic acid or sodium acetate to the reaction. In this reaction the products are aluminum hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Thus, we disclose herein a method that prevents of the formation of aluminum oxide by the use of sodium acetate or acetic acid, the use of iron as a catalyst, and the enhancement of the reaction using natural light.

We disclose herein a viable, cost efficient method for the instantaneous production of hydrogen gas. Hydrogen gas production is increased by utilizing solar and lunar energy. The hydrogen gas is generated spontaneously by the reaction of sodium hydroxide and aluminum as corrosion occurs, forming a layer of aluminum oxide upon the aluminum. This aluminum oxide layer prevents further reaction of sodium hydroxide and aluminum, and thus no more hydrogen gas is produced. Production of aluminum oxide can be bypassed by adding acetic acid or sodium acetate to the reaction. In this reaction the products are aluminum hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Thus, we disclose herein a method that prevents of the formation of aluminum oxide by the use of sodium acetate or acetic acid, the use of iron as a catalyst, and the enhancement of the reaction using natural light.