The disclosure provides for methods of oxidizing carbide anions, or negative ions, from salt like carbides at temperatures from about 150 C. to about 750 C. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for reactions with intermediate transition metal carbides. In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for a system of reactions where salt-like carbide anions and intermediate carbide anions are oxidized to produce pure carbon of various allotropes.

The disclosure provides for methods of oxidizing carbide anions, or negative ions, from salt like carbides at temperatures from about 150 C. to about 750 C. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for reactions with intermediate transition metal carbides. In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for a system of reactions where salt-like carbide anions and intermediate carbide anions are oxidized to produce pure carbon of various allotropes.

A method of utilizing construction and demolition waste is disclosed. The method comprises pretreating the construction and demolition waste into particles with a predetermined range of size; and obtaining calcium carbonate from the particles. The method of the present invention enables to recycle a wide range of construction and demolition waste, furthermore it can convert these waste materials into the high purity calcium carbonate which can be widely used in many applications.

The disclosure provides for methods of oxidizing carbide anions, or negative ions, from salt like carbides at low temperatures below about 600 C. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for reactions with intermediate transition metal carbides. In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for a system of reactions where salt-like carbide anions and intermediate carbide anions are oxidized to produce pure carbon of various allotropes.

The disclosure provides for methods of oxidizing carbide anions, or negative ions, from salt like carbides at low temperatures below about 600 C. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for reactions with intermediate transition metal carbides. In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for a system of reactions where salt-like carbide anions and intermediate carbide anions are oxidized to produce pure carbon of various allotropes.

The disclosure provides for methods of oxidizing carbide anions, or negative ions, from salt like carbides at temperatures from about 150 C. to about 750 C. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for reactions with intermediate transition metal carbides. In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for a system of reactions where salt-like carbide anions and intermediate carbide anions are oxidized to produce pure carbon of various allotropes.

The disclosure provides for methods of oxidizing carbide anions, or negative ions, from salt like carbides at temperatures from about 150 C. to about 750 C. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for reactions with intermediate transition metal carbides. In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for a system of reactions where salt-like carbide anions and intermediate carbide anions are oxidized to produce pure carbon of various allotropes.

The disclosure provides for methods of oxidizing carbide anions, or negative ions, from salt like carbides at temperatures from about 150 C. to about 750 C. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for reactions with intermediate transition metal carbides. In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for a system of reactions where salt-like carbide anions and intermediate carbide anions are oxidized to produce pure carbon of various allotropes.

The disclosure provides for methods of oxidizing carbide anions, or negative ions, from salt like carbides at temperatures from about 150 C. to about 750 C. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for reactions with intermediate transition metal carbides. In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for a system of reactions where salt-like carbide anions and intermediate carbide anions are oxidized to produce pure carbon of various allotropes.

The disclosure provides for methods of oxidizing carbide anions, or negative ions, from salt like carbides at low temperatures below about 600 C. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for reactions with intermediate transition metal carbides. In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for a system of reactions where salt-like carbide anions and intermediate carbide anions are oxidized to produce pure carbon of various allotropes.