The disclosed embodiments relate to a system that performs low-temperature desalination. During operation, the system feeds cold saline water through a liquid-cooling system in a computer data center, wherein the cold saline water is used as a coolant, thereby causing the cold saline water to become heated saline water. Next, the system feeds the heated saline water into a vacuum evaporator comprising a water column having a headspace, which is under a negative pressure due to gravity pulling on the heated saline water in the water column. This negative pressure facilitates evaporation of the heated saline water to form water vapor. Finally, the system directs the water vapor through a condenser, which condenses the water vapor to produce desalinated water.

A method and an apparatus for recovery and deep treatment of a polluted acid. The method comprises the following main steps: (1) selectively adsorbing rare and noble metals, such as rhenium, selenium and the like; (2) separating copper from arsenic to recover the copper; (3) carrying out efficient vulcanization to perform deep arsenic removal; (4) carrying out electrodialysis to pre-concentrate acid; (5) evaporating and concentrating the acid; (6) carrying out an air-stripping method to remove fluorine and chlorine. The polluted acid treatment apparatus mainly comprises a precision filtering tank, a special adsorbing tank, a copper-arsenic separation device, a vulcanization device, an electrodialysis device, an evaporative concentration device, and an air-stripping device. The method and the apparatus can implement efficient recovery of valuable elements in polluted acid wastewater and separate treatment harmful elements, has obvious economical, social and environmental benefits, and has wide application prospects.

A self-regulating vacuum still (8) has a fluid reservoir (10), a boiler (28), a vapor separator (46), a condenser (33), and a condensate reservoir (58). The boiler (28) receives fluid from the fluid reservoir (10) in liquid form and heats the fluid to generate fluid vapor, preferably using evacuated solar tubes (44). The vapor separator (46) receives the fluid vapor from the boiler (28) and separates entrained moisture. Preferably a packing (50) is provided by structured wire mesh which is disposed in a vapor outlet (49) from the vapor separator (46). The condenser (33) receives the fluid vapor from the vapor separator (46), and cools the fluid vapor to a condensate. The condenser (3) has a collection section (34), a condensate section (35) and an outlet (16) which is proximate to the collection section (34) and the condensate section (35). An airlock (20) is connected to the outlet (16) for venting air and fluid vapor from the condenser (33) when a preselected pressure is exceeded. A condensate reservoir (58) is connected to the condenser (33) for receiving condensate.

A low energy fluid purification system and method of implementation including some embodiments having a vacuum-rated first chamber placed in or near a body of water with higher temperature near the surface and lower temperatures at greater depths. The vacuum-rated first chamber holds a quantity of non-potable water and a low pressure area less than or equal to the water's vapor pressure. Vaporization occurs when the higher temperature surface water is brought into contact with the low pressure area. A tubular vapor transport passage allows the vaporized water to pass to a lower temperature and lower pressure condensation chamber. The lower temperature condensation chamber is cooled by lower temperature water from a selected depth below the surface. As the temperature of the vapor lowers, the vapor will condense. This condensation is collected as a quantity of potable water. Additional embodiments and methods are also provided.

Techniques are described herein for using a high-pressure reactor to separate clean water from dirty water without filtration and to extract and concentrate contaminants from dirty water for use as a fuel. In particular, techniques and systems are described for separating water from hydrocarbon contaminates, other BTU-laden compounds, and dissolved minerals, while also boiling water and condensing the resulting steam into distilled water. In addition, system in which the described techniques are performed can be used as a high-pressure pump for moving the separated hydrocarbon contaminates forward into other processes, such as a high-pressure reactor or incinerator.

The present invention relates to a system and method using a reservoir specially designed for desalinating sea water. The invention makes it possible to evaporate the sea water and condense the resulting vapor at low pressure. Discharges into the sea resulting from said desalination operations have a low salt concentration. The present system and method can be used to recycle energy, even energy which is difficult to recycle, for desalinating sea water, or can be combined with other desalination techniques, for example such as MSF evaporation or MED distillation.

The disclosed embodiments relate to a system that performs low-temperature desalination. During operation, the system feeds cold saline water through a liquid-cooling system in a computer data center, wherein the cold saline water is used as a coolant, thereby causing the cold saline water to become heated saline water. Next, the system feeds the heated saline water into a vacuum evaporator comprising a water column having a headspace, which is under a negative pressure due to gravity pulling on the heated saline water in the water column. This negative pressure facilitates evaporation of the heated saline water to form water vapor. Finally, the system directs the water vapor through a condenser, which condenses the water vapor to produce desalinated water.

A method and an apparatus for recovery and deep treatment of a polluted acid. The method comprises the following main steps: (1) selectively adsorbing rare and noble metals, such as rhenium, selenium and the like; (2) separating copper from arsenic to recover the copper; (3) carrying out efficient vulcanization to perform deep arsenic removal; (4) carrying out electrodialysis to pre-concentrate acid; (5) evaporating and concentrating the acid; (6) carrying out an air-stripping method to remove fluorine and chlorine. The polluted acid treatment apparatus mainly comprises a precision filtering tank, a special adsorbing tank, a copper-arsenic separation device, a vulcanization device, an electrodialysis device, an evaporative concentration device, and an air-stripping device. The method and the apparatus can implement efficient recovery of valuable elements in polluted acid wastewater and separate treatment harmful elements, has obvious economical, social and environmental benefits, and has wide application prospects.

A liquid separation system includes an inner chamber and an outer chamber disposed at least partially around the inner chamber. A vacuum source in communication separately with the inner chamber and the outer chamber controls a pressure within the inner chamber separately from the outer chamber for controlling conversion of liquid within the inner chamber to a gas.

Systems and methods for treating vinasse are disclosed. The methods treat vinasse to generate useable water. The methods include providing vinasse, reacting the vinasse with persulfate to generate an oxidized mixture, reacting the oxidized mixture with peroxide to generate a peroxide-treated mixture, adjusting the pH of the peroxide-treated mixture to above about pH 6 to generate a pH-adjusted mixture, reacting the pH-adjusted mixture with an inorganic coagulant and a low molecular weight cationic polymer to generate solid particles, and removing the solid particles to generate a liquid fraction.