Saltwater to freshwater conversion cells are provided. The saltwater to freshwater conversion cell includes a positive electrode; a negative electrode disposed opposite and parallel to the positive electrode; a first plastic perforated plate positioned adjacent to the positive electrode and between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; a second plastic perforated plate positioned adjacent to the negative electrode and between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; a power supply configured to generate an electric field between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and a saltwater stream comprising a plurality of positively charged sodium ions and a plurality of negatively charged chloride ions, the saltwater stream flowing through the conversion cell. The positive electrode and the first plastic perforated plate define a chloride-dense water channel, the negative electrode and the second plastic perforated plate define a sodium-dense water channel, and the first plastic perforated plate and the second plastic perforated plate define a desalinated water channel. The electric field is configured to cause the plurality of negatively charged chloride ions in the saltwater stream to move through the first plastic perforated plate and into the chloride-dense water channel and the plurality of positively charged sodium ions in the saltwater stream to move through the second plastic perforated plate and into the sodium-dense water channel.

Water deionization systems based on electrochemical water desalination or softening using a capacitive or intercalative deionization devices including a stack of electrochemical cells. Each cell includes first and second electrodes and an ion exchange membrane. Each cell includes inlet and outlet channels with control valves that control the separation of the source water into brine (e.g., concentration) and clean water (e.g., purification) streams. The deionization device or module may include multiple electrochemical cells connected electrically in series, parallel or a combination of both. The cells may also be in serial, parallel, or combined fluid communication. The output water of one or more streams from each cell or collection of cells may be recirculated and combined with one or more input water streams to improve the electrochemical energy efficiency of the cells. The electrochemical cells at different rows may have varying electrode thickness, area and loading of the active material.

An electrochemical deionization system that maintains an operating temperature range of a solution stream (e.g., seawater or brackish water) flowing through the cells of the electrochemical deionization system. Maintaining the operating temperature range is targeted at prolonging the lifetime of the system and increasing the overall performance of the electrochemical deionization system.

A water electrolysis system includes: a water electrolyzer configured to electrolyze water to generate gas including oxygen and hydrogen; a gas-liquid separator configured to separate gas phase including hydrogen from liquid phase of the gas generated by the water electrolyzer; a water level detector configured to detect a water level in the gas-liquid separator; a pressure detector configured to detect a pressure of the gas phase in the gas-liquid separator; and a CPU and a memory coupled to the CPU. The CPU is configured to perform: calculating an error of the water level in the gas-liquid separator detected by the water level detector based on the pressure of the gas phase in the gas-liquid separator detected by the pressure detector.

A separator for an electrochemical deionization cell for removing ions from a solution stream. The separator includes an anion exchange membrane layer formed from an anion exchange membrane material. The anion exchange membrane layer has a first surface and an opposing second surface. The separator further includes a porous layer adjacent to the anion exchange membrane layer and formed from a porous material. The porous layer has a first surface and an opposing second surface. The first surface of the porous layer is adjacent to the first surface of the anion exchange membrane layer.

A sterilized water generator to control some of a plurality of electrolysis modules not to perform electrolysis on water brought into the sterilized water generator. The sterilized water generator includes a water inlet pipe through which water flows in; a water outlet pipe through which sterilized water flows out; a plurality of electrolysis modules arranged in parallel between the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe and configured to turn the water brought in through the water inlet pipe to the sterilized water; and a controller configured to control a forward voltage not to be applied to a first electrolysis module of the plurality of electrolysis modules, control the forward voltage to be applied to a second electrolysis module of the plurality of electrolysis modules, and change electrolysis modules corresponding to the first and second electrolysis modules of the plurality of electrolysis modules based on a lapse of time.

Described herein is a faucet arrangement, comprising a faucet unit and an electrolytic cell unit. The faucet unit is adapted to release water. The electrolytic cell unit is integrated with the faucet unit, and is adapted to release a controlled dosage of copper ions to water released by the faucet unit.

A device for treating a flow of water having a chamber (1) through which the flow of water passes. in the chamber (1), a voltage with alternating polarity is fed to two electrodes (15a, 15b) of at least one electrolysis device, whereby particles of the electrode material are released to and entrained by the flow of water. The particles in the flow of water are mixed in at least one nozzle (45) of a vortexing device.

Provided, according to one aspect of the present invention, are a sodium hypochlorite production system and a water treatment method using same, the sodium hypochlorite production system comprising: a first means for obtaining saturated brine and purified water using a first sub-stream branching off from a main stream of water to be treated; a second means for obtaining an anodic product and cathodic product by electrolyzing the saturated brine and purified water; and a third means for obtaining sodium hypochlorite by reacting the anodic product and cathodic product using a second sub-stream branching off from the main stream of the water to be treated.

A hydrogen water generator includes a body including a first outlet coupled to a first inlet for receiving supply water, and a second inlet coupled to a second outlet, the second outlet for discharging hydrogen water, a water tank assembly detachably attached to the body, the water tank assembly including a water tank and an electrode module coupled to the water tank, and the water tank including a third inlet and a third outlet. When the water tank assembly is attached to the body, the third inlet of the water tank couples to the first outlet of the body, and the third outlet of the water tank couples with the second inlet of the body.