A method of moderating concentration of at least highly fluorinated alkyl materials (e.g., molecules) from a contaminated aqueous feed liquid containing an original composition of between 5 parts/trillion and 3000 parts/billion of the at least highly fluorinated materials per liter of water into an aqueous electronic separator having multiple chambers including a feed chamber having a liquid exit port from which a mediated aqueous contaminated feed liquid exits and a liquid input port into which the contaminated aqueous feed liquid enters the feed chamber; an anodic electrode chamber filled with an aqueous anodic liquid; and a cathodic electrode chamber filled with an aqueous cathodic liquid; wherein the feed chamber is between and adjacent to the anodic electrode chamber and the cathodic electrode chamber and the feed chamber is separated from each of the anodic electrode chamber and the cathodic electrode chamber by at least one semipermeable membrane.

The present invention relates to a purification/filtration system using reverse electro-osmotic flow through a composite or hybrid membrane element. The invention also relates to a process for purifying an electrolyte solution using such system. The invention further relates to a water purification system, a water desalination system and an implantable artificial kidney, comprising a reverse electro-osmotic filtration system according to the invention.

Disclosed is a sludge three-dimensional electroosmosis drainage reinforcing method based on a novel electric geotextile complex, and belongs to the field of soft soil foundation reinforcement. A novel electric geotextile complex is adopted, and a designed multidirectional three-dimensional continuous electroosmosis drainage method is adopted to perform rapid drainage reinforcement treatment on sludge, wherein the electric geotextile complex is prepared by combining fibers and conductive materials with a flexible drainage plate and has the effects of electric conductive, drainage, corrosion resistance and reinforcement. The proposed drainage method can realize the electroosmotic drainage in vertical and horizontal directions. Through layer by layer electroosmosis from bottom to top, the consolidation drainage effect of sludge in the lower layer can be enhanced by the increasing loading pressure from the upper sludge. After the vertical electroosmosis is completed, the method of exchange electrode is used to conduct horizontal electroosmosis in opposite direction.

An electrochemical system has a first reservoir receiving a feed stream. The feed stream includes a solvent and a solute different than the salt. A second reservoir receives a brine stream with a higher salt concentration higher than the feed stream. Electrodes contact a loop of redox- active electrolyte material causing reversible redox reactions. The reactions cause the loop to accept a first ion from the salt in the first reservoir and drive a second ion into the brine stream in the second reservoir. Three ionic exchange membranes of alternating type define the first and second reservoirs. A concentrate stream is output from the first reservoir, the concentrate stream having a second solute concentration greater than the first solute concentration.

A method and apparatus break down organic materials, typically contaminants, through oxidation. The method for the treatment of a volume of material, provides: a) introducing at least two electrodes into a location, the location containing the volume of material and the volume of material containing one or more species for treatment; b) providing connections between a voltage source and the at least two electrodes; c) applying a voltage of a first polarity to the connections for a first period of time, under the control of a voltage controller; d) applying a voltage of a second, reversed, polarity to the connections for a second period of time, under the control of the voltage controller; e) repeating steps c) and d) a plurality of times; preferably with steps c), d) and e) promoting oxidation of one or more of the one or more species for treatment.

A deep sludge dewatering method using electroosmosis with filter bags, including (1) placing a filter bag on a slope on which a cathode electrode is arranged; (2) injecting sludge into the filter bag, and after the filter bag is filled with the sludge, closing an inlet of the filter bag; and (3) laying an anode electrode on the filter bag filled with the sludge, and connecting the cathode electrode and the anode electrode to a DC power supply via an electric wire, and carrying out energization for electroosmosis so that water flows down the slope. The present invention can be used for recycling of the sludge produced in underground and tunnel excavation projects, and has the advantages of large processing capacity, simple process, good treatment effect and available resource recycling.

A system and method for treating water containing at least one contaminant. The system and method include a water treatment module such as a reverse osmosis unit. An electrochemical contaminant detection system is positioned in the waste water stream of the water treatment module. The contaminant detection system includes a contaminant sensor and a water quality sensor module. The contaminant sensor measures the concentration of the contaminant in the waste water stream and the water quality sensor module measures one or more water quality parameters of the waste water stream. A processor uses an algorithm to determine the concentration of the contaminant in the feed water based on the measurements of the contaminant sensor and water quality sensor module.

A method for storing solar energy and generating electric power comprising the steps of utilizing a solar powered water treatment device (2) to convert non-potable water (3) into distillate (4) and concentrate (5), storing the distillate and the concentrate in a distillate storage tank (104) and a concentrate storage tank (105) respectively and feeding the distillate from the distillate storage tank and the concentrate from the concentrate storage tank to a salient gradient power device (106) to generate electric power.

A system and method for treating water containing at least one contaminant. The system and method include a water treatment module such as a reverse osmosis unit. An electrochemical contaminant detection system is positioned in the waste water stream of the water treatment module. The contaminant detection system includes a contaminant sensor and a water quality sensor module. The contaminant sensor measures the concentration of the contaminant in the waste water stream and the water quality sensor module measures one or more water quality parameters of the waste water stream. A processor uses an algorithm to determine the concentration of the contaminant in the feed water based on the measurements of the contaminant sensor and water quality sensor module.

A method and device for using electrokinetic forces for thickening or dewatering municipal biosolids is provided. The method uses chlorine dioxide to accelerate and improve the efficiency of electrokinetic dewatering.