In an insoluble material-generating apparatus, an iron salt and/or an aluminum salt, and a cationic polymer flocculant, are added to waste water containing dissolved substances to generate insoluble material. To the insoluble material-containing waste water, an anionic polymer flocculant is added, after which the waste water containing the anionic polymer flocculant and the insoluble material is stirred in a granulating flocculation precipitation tank, the insoluble material is granulated, and solid-liquid separation of the generated granulated material is performed to obtain treated water. The amount of the iron salt or the aluminum salt added is an iron or aluminum concentration of at least 0.4 mmol/L, and the cationic polymer flocculant and the anionic polymer flocculant are added so that the product of the cationic polymer flocculant concentration and the cationic group percentage is equal to or less than the product of the anionic polymer flocculant concentration and the anionic group percentage.

In an insoluble material-generating apparatus, an iron salt and/or an aluminum salt, and a cationic polymer flocculant, are added to waste water containing dissolved substances to generate insoluble material. To the insoluble material-containing waste water, an anionic polymer flocculant is added, after which the waste water containing the anionic polymer flocculant and the insoluble material is stirred in a granulating flocculation precipitation tank, the insoluble material is granulated, and solid-liquid separation of the generated granulated material is performed to obtain treated water. The amount of the iron salt or the aluminum salt added is an iron or aluminum concentration of at least 0.4 mmol/L, and the cationic polymer flocculant and the anionic polymer flocculant are added so that the product of the cationic polymer flocculant concentration and the cationic group percentage is equal to or less than the product of the anionic polymer flocculant concentration and the anionic group percentage.

Systems and methods for treating wastewater with an oil-specific viscosifier composition and separating viscosified oil, undissolved solids and/or particulates, and/or other waste materials in such wastewater are provided. The methods further include: providing wastewater that includes oil; mixing the wastewater with an oil-specific viscosifier composition to form a viscosified oil; and separating at least a portion of the viscosified oil from the wastewater to provide treated water.

Systems and methods of restoring a lake including dredging, island creation, water treatment, real estate development, computer modeling of environmental conditions, wave height reduction, sediment removal and encapsulation, bathymetry contouring, littoral zone restoration, plant restoration, and/or fish restoration.

A method and system is provided for treating waste generated from manufacturing operations including at least one of Printed Circuit Boards Fabrication (PCB FAB), General Metal Finishing (GMF), semiconductors manufacturing, chemical milling, and Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD). The method and system are used to create zero liquid discharge recycling.

A water treatment method including a removal step of removing a polymer (I) containing a polymerization unit (I) based on a monomer represented by the following general formula (I) from water containing the polymer (I):

CX.sup.1X.sup.3═CX.sup.2R(—CZ.sup.1Z.sup.2-A.sup.0).sub.m  (I)

wherein X.sup.1 and X.sup.3 are each independently F, Cl, H, or CF.sub.3; X.sup.2 is H, F, an alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; A.sup.0 is an anionic group; R is a linking group; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently H, F, an alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; and m is an integer of 1 or more. Further, the number average molecular weight of the polymer (I) to 0.3×10.sup.4 or more. Also disclosed is a composition including the polymer (I) containing the polymerization unit (I) based on a monomer represented by general formula (I), and where the composition has a content of the polymer (I) of 250 ppm or less.

A water treatment method including a removal step of removing a polymer (I) containing a polymerization unit (I) based on a monomer represented by the following general formula (I) from water containing the polymer (I):

CX.sup.1X.sup.3═CX.sup.2R(—CZ.sup.1Z.sup.2-A.sup.0).sub.m  (I)

wherein X.sup.1 and X.sup.3 are each independently F, Cl, H, or CF.sub.3; X.sup.2 is H, F, an alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; A.sup.0 is an anionic group; R is a linking group; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently H, F, an alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; and m is an integer of 1 or more. Further, the number average molecular weight of the polymer (I) to 0.3×10.sup.4 or more. Also disclosed is a composition including the polymer (I) containing the polymerization unit (I) based on a monomer represented by general formula (I), and where the composition has a content of the polymer (I) of 250 ppm or less.

Water containing selenium, for example flue gas desulfurization (FGD) blowdown water is treated with a combination of biological and chemical treatment and membrane filtration. The biologically treated water is dosed with a dithiocarbamate compound and flocculated prior to membrane filtration. Optionally, the treatment may be enhanced with one or more adsorptive agents prior to, or in conjunction with, membrane filtration. Membrane concentrate may be re-circulated to one or more biological treatment zones. The biological treatment may be by way of suspended growth, fixed growth on a moving bed, or both. One or more biological treatment zones may be controlled considering their oxygen reduction potential (ORP). Optionally, the biological treatment includes an aerobic zone following one or more anoxic or anaerobic zones. The non-aerobic zones remove selenium and optionally nitrogen and sulfur. The aerobic zone removes carbon, which may include carbon added as a nutrient in a non-aerobic zone.

This invention relates to treated geothermal brine compositions containing reduced concentrations of lithium, iron and silica compared to the untreated brines. Exemplary compositions contain concentration of lithium ranges from 0 to 200 mg/kg, concentration of silica ranges from 0 to 30 mg/kg, concentration of iron ranges from 0 to 300 mg/kg. Exemplary compositions also contain reduced concentrations of elements like arsenic, barium, and lead.

This invention relates to treated geothermal brine compositions containing reduced concentrations of lithium, iron and silica compared to the untreated brines. Exemplary compositions contain concentration of lithium ranges from 0 to 200 mg/kg, concentration of silica ranges from 0 to 30 mg/kg, concentration of iron ranges from 0 to 300 mg/kg. Exemplary compositions also contain reduced concentrations of elements like arsenic, barium, and lead.