A system and method of treating a fluid to be used for hydraulic fracturing adds an effective amount of chlorine dioxide to the fluid to act as a biocide that kills harmful bacteria. A system for adding chlorine dioxide to the fluid can continuously add chlorine dioxide to an incoming flow of the fluid to produce a continuous flow of treated fluid.

A method of treating a liquid, the method including: receiving a chemically treated liquid; passing the chemically treated liquid through a nanobubble generator to produce a nanobubble-containing liquid; treating the nanobubble-containing liquid with disinfecting radiation to produce a resultant liquid; and releasing the resultant liquid for use. A liquid treatment system including: a source of liquid; a chemical treatment station to test the chemical content of the source liquid and, if necessary, provide an appropriate amount of chemical treatment to the liquid to provide a chemically treated liquid; a nanobubble generator in fluid communication with the chemical treatment station that generates nanobubbles to provide a nanobubble liquid; a radiation-based disinfecting unit (RDU) in fluid communication with the nanobubble generator that exposes the nanobubble liquid to radiation and provides treated liquid; a pump to produce a liquid flow through the system; and an outlet through which the treated liquid flows.

A system and method of reducing corrosion in the ballast tanks of a ship is comprised of a central inert gas manifold extending down into the furthest reaches of the ballast tank, a plurality of lateral gas distribution manifolds extending away from the central manifold, and a plurality of downwardly projecting diffusers connected to the lateral gas distributors that release the inert gas at multiple simultaneous points within the ballast tank space. A method is further presented for using the diffuser array to sparge the ballast water with the inert gas to inhibit microbiological induced corrosion.

An oxidizing composition for removing hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) from a gaseous or liquid stream includes mixture products of water, sodium hypochlorite, a chelating agent, and a transition metal compound. The chelating agent can be etidronic acid; the transition metal compound can be an iron (III) compound, such as ferric sulfate. The oxidizing composition is formed by (i) combining water, chelating agent, and transition metal compound to form an activator composition and (ii) mixing the activator composition with a sodium hypochlorite solution to adjust the pH, such as for a particular use. Some embodiments include various apparatuses and methods for treating different treatment sites with the oxidizing compositions disclosed herein. Examples of suitable treatment sites include, without limitation, natural gas pipelines, bubble towers, oil wells, gas wells, sewer wet wells, air scrubbers, saltwater disposal pipelines, and saltwater disposal wells.

A system and method for controlling the accelerated remediation of the water of an aquatic facility using at least one sanitizer sensor, a pH sensor, a temperature sensor and a chlorine dioxide sensor all interfaced with a programmable controller that is programmed to implement an accelerated remediation cycle and configured to calculate a Ct value of the water chemical feed system. The programmable controller activates a chemical feed system to supply an acid, an oxidizer and a chlorite ion donor to a conduit to form chlorine dioxide that is supplied to the water until a desire Ct value is reached.

Various implementations include a fluid treatment device. The device includes an outer tube, an inner tube, a plurality of blades, and a media. The outer tube includes an inner surface. The inner tube is coaxially disposed within the outer tube. An outer surface of the inner tube and the inner surface of the outer tube define an annulus that axially extends between the ends of the inner tube. The plurality of blades is disposed within the annulus. The plurality of blades is configured to alter a component of a flow direction of fluid flowing over the blades in a circumferential direction and/or a radial direction. The media is disposed within the inner tube. The inner tube defines a plurality of perforations extending between its outer surface and inner surface. The annulus defines an entire flow path of fluid flowing between the outer tube and the inner tube.

Various implementations include a fluid treatment device. The device includes an outer tube, an inner tube, a plurality of blades, and a media. The outer tube includes an inner surface. The inner tube is coaxially disposed within the outer tube. An outer surface of the inner tube and the inner surface of the outer tube define an annulus that axially extends between the ends of the inner tube. The plurality of blades is disposed within the annulus. The plurality of blades is configured to alter a component of a flow direction of fluid flowing over the blades in a circumferential direction and/or a radial direction. The media is disposed within the inner tube. The inner tube defines a plurality of perforations extending between its outer surface and inner surface. The annulus defines an entire flow path of fluid flowing between the outer tube and the inner tube.