Provided is a fresh water generation system which filters biotreated water produced by microbiologically treating waste water via a primary semi-permeable membrane (8), and then mixes concentrated water rejected by the filtration with seawater, thereby to filter the mixed water via a secondary semi-permeable membrane (14). This system enables frequencies of chemical cleaning and replacement of the secondary semi-permeable membrane to be reduced. The fresh water generation system comprises: a primary semi-permeable membrane apparatus (9) which separates microorganism treating waste water into permeated water and concentrated water; a secondary semi-permeable membrane apparatus (13) which filters mixed water prepared by mixing the concentrated water into seawater. In the fresh water generation system, the primary semi-permeable membrane (8) has an equal to or a higher microorganism adhesive property than the secondary semi-permeable membrane (14).

A method and apparatus for treating a body of water to kill microorganisms by enhancing the concentration metal ions therein. The apparatus comprising a dispenser with a first housing having a water accessible compartment containing a source of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin for releasing the 5,5-dimethylhydantoin when contacted by the body of water and a second housing having a water accessible compartment containing an insoluble metal ion donor for releasing metal ions when contacted by the body of water containing the 5,5-dimethylhydantoin

In some embodiments, a method may include treating pulp in pulp and paper mills. The methods may include providing a peracetate oxidant solution and generating a reactive oxygen species. The peracetate solution may include peracetate anions and a peracid. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution may include a pH from about pH 10 to about pH 12. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution has a molar ratio of peracetate anions to peracid ranging from about 60:1 to about 6000:1. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution has a molar ratio of peracetate to hydrogen peroxide of greater than about 16:1. The peracetate oxidant solution may provide enhanced treatment methods of bleaching, brightening, and delignifying pulp fibers involving the use of peracetate oxidant solutions.

Provided is a sterilization method for a water system, the sterilization method being capable of suppressing the production amount of a nitrosamine compound while exhibiting a sufficient sterilization effect in precursor-containing water that contains a nitrosamine compound precursor. In the sterilization method for a water system, a stabilizing composition containing a bromine-based oxidizing agent or a chlorine-based oxidizing agent and a sulfamic acid compound is added to the precursor-containing water that contains the nitrosamine compound precursor.

Implementations of this disclosure are directed to systems, devices and methods for monitoring parameters associated with a body of liquid. In one embodiment, a device includes a container configured to be partially submerged in a liquid and includes sensors disposed within a submerged portion of the container to measure parameters associated with the liquid. An electronic component disposed within an unsubmerged portion of the container transmits information related to the parameters based upon which one or more actions related to treatment of the body of liquid are suggested.

A cartridge for use in a water purification apparatus and a water purification method for maintaining a water quality supply are provided. The cartridge comprises an elongated tubular body having first and second ends comprising a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, and an internal chamber extending between the first and second end. The first end includes an end cap having a first opening in fluid communication with the body. A disinfectant material is disposed in the internal chamber of the body. Filters are disposed in the elongated tubular body adjacent to the first opening and adjacent the second end of the elongated tubular body and are in fluid communication with the internal chamber and the fluid outlet. The second end of the elongated tubular body comprising an exterior surface having a tapered portion and a linear portion adjacent to the tapered portion.

A method of determining a disinfectant composition of a municipal water supply from a water sample that includes: (a) obtaining a water sample from a water source at a sampling location; (b) adding a chlorine-containing material to the water sample in the presence of an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) measurement device; (c) generating a plurality of ORP measurements during addition of the chlorine-containing material to the water sample; (d) estimating a concentration of one or more of free ammonia, fully combined ammonia, monochloramine, or a mixture of dichloramine and trichloramine in the water sample in which the estimation is derived from the relationship between the added chlorine material and the plurality of ORP measurements; and (e) determining a disinfectant composition of the water source at the water sampling location from the concentration calculation. A method of determining free ammonia composition is also included.

The present invention provides an agent dispenser for use in introducing an agent into a fluid where the agent is miscible with such fluid. The agent dispenser comprises a hollow casing constructed of a material having a coefficient of cubical expansion that differs from the coefficient of cubical expansion of the fluid. At least one opening is provided in the hollow casing for permitting the flow of the fluid to and from the interior of the hollow casing. The opening is provided with a tube sealed in the opening, one end of the tube being contained within the hollow casing and the second end of the tube being exterior to the hollow casing for communication with the surrounding fluid. The second end of the tube is provided with a filter membrane having a defined pore size to prevent any debris which may be present in the fluid from blocking the second end or entering the hollow casing. The dispenser contains the agent and the agent is introduced into the fluid through fluid drawn into and expelled from said dispenser as a result of variations in the internal pressure of the dispenser resulting from thermal expansion and contraction of the dispenser and its contents caused by variations in the temperature of the fluid surrounding the dispenser.

The invention relates to a method and system for the continuous treatment of the water of an aquatic facility using an integrated process control system to control a mixed halogen-based treatment comprising chlorine dioxide and a free halogen. The integrated process control system provides versatile control the chlorine dioxide and/or free halogen while employing in-situ generation of chlorine dioxide.

A system and method for controlling the accelerated remediation of aquatic facilities using at least one sanitizer sensor, a pH sensor, a temperature sensor and a chlorine dioxide sensor all interfaced with a programmable controller that is programmed to implement a remediation cycle and configured to calculate a Ct value, the sensors being in fluid contact with water of the aquatic facility, and the programmable controller is interfaced with a chemical feed system for supplying chlorine dioxide to the water.