A method for treating water in a spa or hot tub includes, for example, supporting one or more water treatment dispensers from a supporting structure in an upper end of a filter cartridge disposed in a skimmer of the spa or the hot tub. A first dispenser includes a first water treatment material and the second dispenser includes a second different water treatment material. A supply of water is passed from the spa or hot tub into the skimmer and through the filter cartridge so that the first dispenser is disposed in the filtered water in the filter cartridge to dispense the first and/or the second water treatment materials from the first and/or dispensers, and a supply of treated filtered water from the filter cartridge to the spa or hot tub. One or more caps, for example, may be employed when the first and/or the second dispenser is not used.

A floating dispenser having an external float or an internal float for supporting a cartridge or cartridges for floatingly delivering a dispersant or dispersants to a body of water with the floating dispenser having cartridges rotationally positionable with respect to one another to control the rate of dispensing while the dispenser floats in an upright condition with the floating dispenser changing its flotation orientation in response to consumption of the dispersant or dispersants in the a cartridge to thereby provide a visual alert to replace a spent cartridge with a fresh cartridge. In addition, the inventions described herein permit changing the dispensing nature of the system from a multiple dispensing system to a single dispensing system without changing the floating characteristics of the floating dispensers through replacement of a dispersant in one of the cartridges with an inert or ballast material that has no effect on the water characteristics.

A method and apparatus for treating a body of water to kill microorganisms by enhancing the concentration metal ions therein. The apparatus comprising a dispenser with a first housing having a water accessible compartment containing a source of a N-halohydantoin compound for releasing the N-halohydantoin compound when contacted by the body of water with the at least one N-halohydantoin having the formula:

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wherein R and R1 each independently comprises an alkyl group, and wherein X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of bromine, chlorine and hydrogen and a second housing having a water accessible compartment containing an insoluble metal ion donor for releasing metal ions when contacted by the body of water containing the N-halohydantoin.

The disclosure pertains to sanitizing the permeate flow path of a reverse osmosis system. A method of sanitizing a filtration system is disclosed that can include injecting a biocide into a permeate compartment of an operating reverse osmosis system. The method can also include maintaining pressure in a concentrate compartment of the reverse osmosis system simultaneously while injecting the biocide.

Constructive method and operational process for creation of artificial beaches, suitable for bathing, around plots of land, more precisely, constructive method and operational process for creation of artificial beaches, allowing implementation of watercourses forming isles and/or peninsulas, that contains lots of condominium and/or subdivision, with formation of artificial beaches in perimeter of lots composing condominium and/or subdivision, watercourses are appropriate for contemplation and bathing by condominium members and/or owners of subdivision.

In one embodiment, a method treats an aqueous system to inhibit growth of one or more micro-organisms therein and/or to reduce the number of live micro-organisms therein. The method includes adding treatment agents to the aqueous system, where the treatment agents include a phosphonium compound and a stabilised halogen containing composition. In one embodiment, an aqueous system incorporates a combination of a phosphonium compound and a stabilising halogen containing composition.

A cartridge assembly for dispensing a disinfecting water is disclosed. The cartridge assembly has a cartridge for receiving water from a container and a water dispensing mechanism for receiving water from the cartridge and delivering the water to a surface. The cartridge holds an iodinated resin for eluting a quantity of iodine into the water passing through the cartridge. When the water dispensing mechanism is actuated, water is delivered from a container to the water dispensing mechanism and the water is delivered to the surface to be disinfected.

A floating dispenser having an external float or an internal float for supporting a cartridge or cartridges for floatingly delivering a dispersant or dispersants to a body of water with the floating dispenser having cartridges rotationally positionable with respect to one another to control the rate of dispensing while the dispenser floats in an upright condition with the floating dispenser changing its flotation orientation in response to consumption of the dispersant or dispersants in the a cartridge to thereby provide a visual alert to replace a spent cartridge with a fresh cartridge. In addition, the inventions described herein permit changing the dispensing nature of the system from a multiple dispensing system to a single dispensing system without changing the floating characteristics of the floating dispensers through replacement of a dispersant in one of the cartridges with an inert or ballast material that has no effect on the water characteristics.

Implementations of this disclosure are directed to systems, devices and methods for monitoring parameters associated with a body of liquid. In one embodiment, a device includes a container configured to be partially submerged in a liquid and includes sensors disposed within a submerged portion of the container to measure parameters associated with the liquid. An electronic component disposed within an unsubmerged portion of the container transmits information related to the parameters based upon which one or more actions related to treatment of the body of liquid are suggested.

A system, method and apparatus for determining and controlling water clarity or water opacity especially useful in pools, spas, and contained bodies of water.