A cord for supporting a biofilm has a plurality of yarns. At least one of the yarns comprises a plurality of hollow fiber gas transfer membranes. At least one of the yarns extends along the length of the cord generally in the shape of a spiral. Optionally, one or more of the yarns may comprise one or more reinforcing filaments. In some examples, a reinforcing yarn is wrapped around a core. A module may be made by potting a plurality of the cords in at least one header. A reactor may be made and operated by placing the module in a tank fed with water to be treated and supplying a gas to the module. In use, a biofilm covers the cords to form a membrane biofilm assembly.

A cord for supporting a biofilm has a plurality of yarns. At least one of the yarns comprises a plurality of hollow fiber gas transfer membranes. At least one of the yarns extends along the length of the cord generally in the shape of a spiral. Optionally, one or more of the yarns may comprise one or more reinforcing filaments. In some examples, a reinforcing yarn is wrapped around a core. A module may be made by potting a plurality of the cords in at least one header. A reactor may be made and operated by placing the module in a tank fed with water to be treated and supplying a gas to the module. In use, a biofilm covers the cords to form a membrane biofilm assembly.

An aerobic bio-restoration aqueous system is contained in an artificial ecosystem that treats contaminated water to yield a natural balance or state wherein indigenous flora, fauna, insects and animal life thrive. The system contains a reactor that has exterior walls for enclosing contaminated water. The walls can be solid, but generally contain one or more perforated areas. An important advantage of the present invention is that the perforated areas such as openings, holes, etc., allow the aqueous matter to flow into as well as out of the artificial ecosystem. The ecosystem reactor can be located in a lake, a pond, or other aqueous environments. Water can flow into the artificial ecosystem and be bio-remediated, by utilizing natural flow and/or currents of the aqueous ecosystem. Various types of one or more inert media substrates containing pores that generally contain one or more microorganisms therein serve to bio-remediate various matter contained in the aqueous system such as contaminated water, e.g. industrial contaminates, residential contaminates, commercial contaminates, sewage, or corrosive compounds, and the like as well as bio-sludge. Other matter that can be bio-remediated include algae, food wastes including dissolved sugar sources, fats, grease, oils, and also excrement from animals such as humans, cows, horses, pigs, chickens, and the like as well as various sulfur, nitrogen, phosphates, and carbon compounds. The inert media substrates are generally contained in a perforated bag or pipe. Optionally, an aerator can be utilized to supply air to the artificial ecosystem.

Disclosed are floating micro-aeration unit (FMU) devices, systems and methods for biological sulfide removal from water/wastewater bodies and streams. In some aspects, a system includes a manifold structure including one or more opening to flow air out of an interior of the manifold structure; one or more support structures connected to the manifold structure, in which the one or more support structures are floatable on a surface of a fluid that includes water or a wastewater; and an air source that flows air to the manifold structure, such that the manifold structure supplies the air containing a predetermined amount of oxygen (e.g., less than 0.1 mg/L of oxygen) to oxidize sulfide of the fluid.

The invention relates to a carrier insert for accommodating and maintaining the biofilm culture of fluid cleaning structures, which contains a spatial web made of staple fibres using the hosiery method. The characteristic feature of the invention is that the web (10) has internal textile units (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) joining each other in intermediate complete nodal points (20, 21, 22, 23) and situated between the complete nodal points (20, 21, 22, 23) and external textile (17, 18) units situated along the edges (10a) of the web (10), where in the case of at least a part of the complete nodal points (20, 21, 22, 23) there is an even number of internal textile units (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) guided into the given complete nodal point (20, 21, 22, 23), the internal sides (17a, 18a) of the external textile units (17, 18) situated along the edges (10a) of the web (10) are connected to a complete nodal point (20, 21, 22, 23) each, and the external sides (17b, 18b) of the external textile units (17, 18) are provided with connection points (24, 25) for joining the structure (1), and via the connection points (24, 25) the web (10) is attached to the structure (1) in a fixed position.

A treatment system of the present invention generally includes a plurality of low density, high surface area sheets anchored in parallel along their bottom ends to fixed base. The sheets are buoyant in wastewater, and generally vertically oriented although able to flex and sway independently. Substantially all regions of substantially all sheets are aerated. The sheets are constructed of an open weave substrate that allows the diffusion of gas, nutrients and food, while protecting and serving as an attachment site for a variety of microbial colonies in both anoxic and aerobic zones. In use a system of the present invention is inserted into a wastewater reservoir, and aerated, for treatment of the wastewater.

There is described a bioreactor comprising a perforated tube for inputting wastewater therein, a textured wall, such as a geotextile membrane, and an oxygenating unit comprising a pressurized air bubble diffuser. The wall is spirally installed around the perforated tube, defining a passageway fluidly connected to the perforated tube and along which the wastewater inputted in the perforated tube is forced to travel. The membrane is adapted for hosting aerobic bacteria at a surface thereof. The oxygenating unit is provided at a bottom of the passageway for oxygenating the passageway. The bioreactor can be included in a treatment apparatus comprising primary treatment chambers and a decantation chambers, forming a standalone unit which is compact and easy to install.

The invention relates to a carrier insert for accommodating and maintaining the biofilm culture of fluid cleaning structures, which contains a spatial web made of staple fibres using the hosiery method. The characteristic feature of the invention is that the web (10) has internal textile units (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) joining each other in intermediate complete nodal points (20, 21, 22, 23) and situated between the complete nodal points (20, 21, 22, 23), and external textile (17, 18) units situated along the edges (10a) of the web (10), where in the case of at least a part of the complete nodal points (20, 21, 22, 23) there is an even number of internal textile units (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) guided into the given complete nodal point (20, 21, 22, 23), the internal sides (17a, 18a) of the external textile units (17, 18) situated along the edges (10a) of the web (10) are connected to a complete nodal point (20, 21, 22, 23) each, and the external sides (17b, 18b) of the external textile units (17, 18) are provided with connection points (24, 25) for joining the structure (1), and via the connection points (24, 25) the web (10) is attached to the structure (1) in a fixed position.

Disclosed are floating micro-aeration unit (FMU) devices, systems and methods for biological sulfide removal from water/wastewater bodies and streams. In some aspects, a system includes a manifold structure including one or more opening to flow air out of an interior of the manifold structure; one or more support structures connected to the manifold structure, in which the one or more support structures are floatable on a surface of a fluid that includes water or a wastewater; and an air source that flows air to the manifold structure, such that the manifold structure supplies the air containing a predetermined amount of oxygen (e.g., less than 0.1 mg/L of oxygen) to oxidize sulfide of the fluid.

A wastewater treatment apparatus has a tank having an access opening therein, at least one fixed film media pod positioned in the interior of the tank, a diffuser positioned in the interior of the tank, and an air pump connected to the diffuser. The fixed film media pod is formed of a mesh material and has openings framed by the mesh material. At least one weight is affixed to the fixed film media pod adjacent to a bottom thereof so as to maintain a vertical orientation of the fixed film media pod in the tank. The diffuser can be affixed to the fixed film media pod so as to aerate liquid in the interior of the tank.