The invention relates to a method for aerobic and anaerobic cultivation of microorganisms. The invention also relates to a method for producing a preparation for cleaning radioactive liquids and radioactively charged surfaces. Likewise, the invention further relates to a method for cleaning radioactive liquids and radioactively charged surfaces.

Disclosed herein is a system for removing carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) from seawater including an electrodialysis flow cell comprising a bipolar membrane having an acidified seawater product stream with a pH less than or equal to 8.5 and a basified seawater product stream with a pH greater than or equal to 9.0; a photobioreactor; and a microbially induced carbonate precipitation component; wherein the electrodialysis flow cell is in fluid communication with the photobioreactor via the acidified seawater product stream and in fluid communication with the microbially induced carbonate precipitation component via the basified seawater product stream.

The present disclosure relates to a sewage/wastewater treatment system using granular activated sludge and a membrane bio-reactor and a sewage/wastewater treatment method using the same that are configured to effectively remove pollutants contained in raw water through a granulation tank in which the granular activated sludge is contained and to allow the raw water to be filtered through movable membranes located on the upper portion of the granulation tank. The system includes: an indirect aeration tank adapted to supply air thereto to allow dissolved oxygen contained in raw water to reach a saturation concentration; a granulation tank adapted to allow floating microorganisms contained in the treated water passing through the indirect aeration tank to be granulated and having a sludge blanket formed thereon; and movable membranes located on the upper portion of the granulation tank in such a manner as to be movable in the granulation tank.

A method for enhancing nitrogen removal by denitrification in a horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland, which includes three treatment steps of strain acclimation, strain screening and strain pouring. Firstly, the enrichment of aerobic denitrifying bacteria is achieved through acclimation culture, and the denitrification advantages of the strains are improved to obtain acclimated strains; meanwhile in the present technical solution, after obtained, the acclimated strains are screened for multiple times to remove aging strains and some strains incapable of performing denitrification from sludge and obtain strains truly having good denitrification effects as strains to be poured; and finally the strains to be poured as obtained by the screening is combined with a biocarrier to obtain an immobilized filler and thus prevent the strains from loss.

A method for retaining ammonia nitrogen and removing antibiotics in biological treatment of livestock wastewater is provided. A nitrification inhibitor is added into an aerobic bioreactor with a sludge age greater than or equal to 30 days to inhibit the activity of nitrifying bacteria. The nitrification inhibitor is preferably 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine or allylthiourea. By adding a chemical agent capable of inhibiting the activity of nitrifying bacteria into the aerobic biological treatment unit for treating livestock and poultry farming wastewater, the occurrence of ammonia nitrogen nitrification is inhibited without sacrificing the degradation of COD and antibiotics by heterotrophic bacteria, so that the aims of retaining ammonia nitrogen while removing antibiotics are realized.

The present disclosure relates to a method for determining optimal preservation temperature of aerobic denitrifiers in wastewater treatment for total nitrogen removal, and belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering. The method of the present disclosure comprises measuring the cell activity state of the aerobic denitrifier stored at different temperatures based on flow cytometry, and taking the preservation temperature closest to the cell activity state of the aerobic denitrifier during the pilot operation as the optimum preservation temperature, and the data obtained from the test uses the cell activity state and performance effects after activity recovery to verify reliability. By using the method of the present disclosure, the step of recovering the aerobic denitrifier activity can be omitted, and the wastewater treatment plant, which intends to adopt the aerobic denitrifier process technology to achieve efficient removal of nitrate and total nitrogen, is effectively helped to realize the energy saving, consumption reducing operation, and the removal rate of nitrate and total nitrogen can reach 90% and 88% respectively. At the same time, the starting time of engineering application of the aerobic denitrifier process can be effectively shortened, the long-term stable operation of the aerobic denitrifier process is maintained, and the method has high industrial feasibility.

The present disclosure relates to a sewage/wastewater treatment system using granular activated sludge and a membrane bio-reactor and a sewage/wastewater treatment method using the same that are configured to effectively remove pollutants contained in raw water through a granulation tank in which the granular activated sludge is contained and to allow the raw water to be filtered through movable membranes located on the upper portion of the granulation tank. The system includes: an indirect aeration tank adapted to supply air thereto to allow dissolved oxygen contained in raw water to reach a saturation concentration; a granulation tank adapted to allow floating microorganisms contained in the treated water passing through the indirect aeration tank to be granulated and having a sludge blanket formed thereon; and movable membranes located on the upper portion of the granulation tank in such a manner as to be movable in the granulation tank.

A process for controlling the aeration rate during the aerobic phase of a wastewater treatment process is disclosed, which comprises: (a) measuring at moment t.sub.1 the ammonium concentration [NH.sub.4.sup.+].sub.1 and nitrogen oxide concentration [NO.sub.x].sub.1 in a mixture of wastewater and microbial sludge; (b) determining a nitrogen oxide target concentration [NO.sub.x].sup.F.sub.1 at the end of the aerobic phase based on at least the current ammonium concentration [NH.sub.4.sup.+].sub.1 and the current NO.sub.x concentration [NO.sub.x].sub.1; (c) determining a setpoint [NO.sub.x].sup.SP.sub.1 based on interpolation between [NO.sub.x].sub.1 and [NO.sub.x].sup.F.sub.1; (d) adjusting the aeration rate to minimise error between [NO.sub.x].sub.1 and [NO.sub.x].sup.SP.sub.1; and (e) repeating steps (a) to (d) at further moments t.sub.1. The invention further concerns a process for the treatment of wastewater, using the process.

The present disclosure relates to a sewage/wastewater treatment system using granular activated sludge and a membrane bio-reactor and a sewage/wastewater treatment method using the same that are configured to effectively remove pollutants contained in raw water through a granulation tank in which the granular activated sludge is contained and to allow the raw water to be filtered through movable membranes located on the upper portion of the granulation tank. The system includes: an indirect aeration tank adapted to supply air thereto to allow dissolved oxygen contained in raw water to reach a saturation concentration; a granulation tank adapted to allow floating microorganisms contained in the treated water passing through the indirect aeration tank to be granulated and having a sludge blanket formed thereon; and movable membranes located on the upper portion of the granulation tank in such a manner as to be movable in the granulation tank.

In a method for treating wastewater and an associated design of a treatment plant, wastewater in a storage tank is filled from a minimum level to a maximum level. While being filled, a bioreactor is aerated. After subsequent sedimentation of activated sludge at the bottom of the bioreactor, treated water is pumped from a subsurface layer in the bioreactor and wastewater is simultaneously fed from the storage tank into a sludge bed in the bioreactor. When a level of wastewater in the storage tank is lowered to the minimum level, pumping of treated water from the bioreactor and pumping of wastewater into the bioreactor simultaneously stops. The storage tank has a wastewater pump leading to the bottom of the bioreactor. A safety overflow in the bioreactor leads to a treated water drain having a treated water pump.