A method of separating sludge which involves adding an insoluble mineral colloidal suspension into an industrial sludge to destabilize the industrial sludge and separating destabilized components of the industrial sludge. The insoluble mineral colloidal suspension includes magnesium hydroxide. In an alternative embodiment dry finely divided magnesium hydroxide can be added and then dispersed into an industrial sludge. Conventional flocculants and/or coagulants can also be added. Conventional physical separation processes can be used to separate the destabilized industrial sludge.

A method of extracting water from sludge, wherein the sludge includes a magnetic ballast, wherein the sludge is positioned on an interface. It includes applying a magnetic treatment to the magnetically-ballasted sludge to extract water from the sludge.

A method of extracting water from sludge, wherein the sludge includes a magnetic ballast, wherein the sludge is positioned on an interface. It includes applying a magnetic treatment to the magnetically-ballasted sludge to extract water from the sludge.

The invention relates to a process for treating wastewater or sludge, in which a wastewater or sludge stream (2) is conveyed through a first mixing unit (15), wherein a base/alkaline solution (17) or a phosphate-fixing compound/liquid containing a phosphate-fixing compound (17) is metered or mixed into the first mixing unit (15).

The invention further relates to a device (100) for treating a wastewater or sludge stream (2), especially for carrying out the aforementioned process.

The invention relates to a process for treating wastewater or sludge, in which a wastewater or sludge stream (2) is conveyed through a first mixing unit (15), wherein a base/alkaline solution (17) or a phosphate-fixing compound/liquid containing a phosphate-fixing compound (17) is metered or mixed into the first mixing unit (15).

The invention further relates to a device (100) for treating a wastewater or sludge stream (2), especially for carrying out the aforementioned process.

A method and apparatus for direct drying of inorganic sludge with a drum drawing process, comprising the following steps: 1) drum mixed drying of slag and sludge: respectively conveying the slag and sludge into a drum (1) in proportion, completing mixing, heat exchange, dehydration, cooling and crushing of the slag and sludge under the rolling action of the drum (1) and a steel ball to achieve cooling, crushing and drying of the slag and sludge, and directly discharging the obtained mixture; 2) slag and sludge separation: separating the steel slag and dry sludge in a manner of combining screening and rotary separation; 3) tail gas treatment: treating dusts, sulfides and organic compounds in tail gas generated by the dry sludge by using wet alkali washing and activated carbon adsorption, and discharging the treated tail gas; and 4) tailing sludge treatment: generating steam and dusts in the drum treatment of the slag and sludge, allowing dusts to enter a tail gas treatment device (4) with steam, aggregating the dusts after wet washing or spraying, and then conveying into a tailing sludge blending device (5) by means of a conveying device, mixing and stirring the tailing sludge and original sludge, conveying the obtained mixture into the drum (1), and drying the mixture to realize zero discharge of undried sludge.

A method and apparatus for direct drying of inorganic sludge with a drum drawing process, comprising the following steps: 1) drum mixed drying of slag and sludge: respectively conveying the slag and sludge into a drum (1) in proportion, completing mixing, heat exchange, dehydration, cooling and crushing of the slag and sludge under the rolling action of the drum (1) and a steel ball to achieve cooling, crushing and drying of the slag and sludge, and directly discharging the obtained mixture; 2) slag and sludge separation: separating the steel slag and dry sludge in a manner of combining screening and rotary separation; 3) tail gas treatment: treating dusts, sulfides and organic compounds in tail gas generated by the dry sludge by using wet alkali washing and activated carbon adsorption, and discharging the treated tail gas; and 4) tailing sludge treatment: generating steam and dusts in the drum treatment of the slag and sludge, allowing dusts to enter a tail gas treatment device (4) with steam, aggregating the dusts after wet washing or spraying, and then conveying into a tailing sludge blending device (5) by means of a conveying device, mixing and stirring the tailing sludge and original sludge, conveying the obtained mixture into the drum (1), and drying the mixture to realize zero discharge of undried sludge.

An anionic flocculant including: galactomannan; and a polysaccharide other than the galactomannan, wherein the anionic flocculant has a bulk density of 0.50 g/cm.sup.3 or more but 1.00 g/cm.sup.3 or less, the anionic flocculant has a particle diameter D.sub.50 of 250 μm or more but 850 μm or less, and the anionic flocculant has a particle diameter D.sub.10 of 150 μm or more.

An anionic flocculant including: galactomannan; and a polysaccharide other than the galactomannan, wherein the anionic flocculant has a bulk density of 0.50 g/cm.sup.3 or more but 1.00 g/cm.sup.3 or less, the anionic flocculant has a particle diameter D.sub.50 of 250 μm or more but 850 μm or less, and the anionic flocculant has a particle diameter D.sub.10 of 150 μm or more.

Methods are provided for treating intimately dispersed mixtures of water, bitumen, and fine clay particles, such as oil sands mature fine tailings (MFT). Select methods use dissolved silicate ions and a base (alkali), optionally in combination with a biopolymer, to flocculate a slurry. A mixing regime is disclosed involving the addition to MFT of silicate ions in solution and alkali, to initiate aggregation/destabilization of clay particles. Methods are exemplified that provide distinct sediment layers in conjunction with the release of residual bitumen (for example 40-50% of the initial bitumen content). In these exemplified embodiments, a densely packed bottom layer containing ˜75 wt. % solids showed high yield stress values (3.5-5.5 kPa) and entrapped little residual bitumen (0.2-0.3 wt. %). The methods accordingly segregate a material suitable for reclamation.