The invention relates to the proppants and proppant substrates treated with active compounds that reduce the presence of contaminants in fluids, methods of using those materials, as well as methods of making those materials. The invention further provides that the contaminated fluids are associated with wells, including oil and gas wells.

The subject invention provides safe, environmentally-friendly compositions and efficient methods for flocculation. More specifically, the subject invention provides compositions derived from microorganisms for flocculation, which can be used for increasing the rate of flocculation and/or the amount of agglomerated particles.

Provided is a treatment method of waste water containing ferricyanide complex and oxalate, comprising under the condition of weak acidity to weak alkalinity, firstly adding an appropriate amount of divalent manganese ions to make the divalent manganese ions combined with ferrocyanide ions and part of oxalate ions in wastewater to form a mixed slag mainly composed of manganese ferrocyanide to achieve the purpose of removing most of the cyanide and a small amount of organic substance; adding excess divalent manganese ions to the first filtrate to make the divalent manganese ions fully combined with the oxalate in the wastewater to achieve the purpose of removing organic substance, and then adding an appropriate amount of alkali to the second filtrate to form precipitation to achieve the purpose of recovering manganese; then adding an appropriate amount of ferrous salt to achieve the purpose of removing the remaining cyanide and organic substance.

Methods, kits, cartridges, and compounds related to generating chlorine dioxide by exposing ClO.sub.2.sup. to at least one of a manganese porphyrin catalyst or a manganese porphyrazine catalyst are described. Methods, kits, cartridges, and compounds related to decomposed cyanide ions and hydrogen cyanide for water decontamination.

Methods, kits, cartridges and compounds related to generating chlorine dioxide by exposing ClO.sub.2.sup. to at least one of a manganese porphyrin catalyst or a manganese porphyrazine catalyst are described. Methods, kits, cartridges and compounds related to decomposed cyanide ions and hydrogen cyanide for water decontamination.

Process for scrubbing a crude mixture which is obtained in the nitration of toluene after separating off the nitrating acid and comprises dinitrotoluene, nitric acid, nitrogen oxides and sulfuric acid, which comprises two scrubbing steps (WS-I) and (WS-II), wherein i) in a first scrubbing step (WS-I), the crude mixture is extracted with a scrubbing acid I comprising nitric acid, nitrogen oxides and sulfuric acid in a scrub comprising at least one extraction stage, where the scrubbing acid discharged from the first extraction stage (WS-I-1) of the first scrubbing step (WS-I) has a total acid content of from 10 to 40% by weight and a content of from 80 to 350 ppm of hydrocyanic acid, giving a prescrubbed crude mixture, ii) in a second scrubbing step (WS-II), the prescrubbed crude mixture comprising dinitrotoluene is extracted with a scrubbing acid II in a scrub comprising at least one, preferably at least 2, extraction stage(s), where the scrubbing acid discharged from the first extraction stage (WS-II-1) of the second scrubbing step (WS-II) has a pH of less than or equal to 4, giving a dinitrotoluene-comprising mixture which is essentially free of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, nitrogen oxides and hydrocyanic acid and has a content of not more than 300 ppm of nitric acid and nitrogen oxides, not more than 3 ppm of sulfate and not more than 50 ppm of hydrocyanic acid.

A method of treating sour water from industrial processes such as coal gasification. The method includes injecting a polysulfide into a sour water stream to convert cyanide to thiocyanate, thereby reducing the corrosiveness and toxicity of the sour water stream. The method also includes the step of mixing the sour water stream with a reactant to remove CO.sub.2 in its various forms in a reaction tank and subsequently routing the stream to a solid settler. The method further includes adjusting the pH of the sour stream in a pH correction tank before sending the sour water stream through a stream stripper for H.sub.2S and/or NH.sub.3 removal. After passing through the stripper, the treated sour water stream is sent to a biological treatment process for thiocyanate and formate removal. Subsequent treatment steps can be applied, such as multi-grade filters and activated carbon filters, to prepare the treated sour water for reuse.

The present disclosure relates to a system and regenerable molecular media for wastewater purification treatment and a preparation method thereof. The molecular filter media of the present invention are extremely high surface area filter granules and pellets that are either supplied loose or molded into blocks. The industry uses these for filtration in flow-through filter devices. The disclosed regenerants effectively break bonds and get the molecular filters ready for the next cycle of use.

An electrochemical reactor for removing mining constituents from a fluid is disclosed. The electrochemical reactor includes a housing defining a flow path and a pump configured to continuously move fluid through the flow path at a flow rate. The electrochemical reactor also includes a power supply coupled to the housing, an anode and a cathode coupled to the power supply, and a controller configured to selectively engage the power supply power supply. The power supply applies an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode when engaged.

A method for treating electroplating wastewater includes: performing a cyanide primary treatment on to-be-treated cyanide containing wastewater in a treatment tank by using a chlor-alkali process; performing a cyanide secondary treatment on the wastewater after cyanide primary treatment by controlling an addictive amount of chromium containing wastewater and adding acid liquor for adjusting a pH value of the wastewater to a preset acidity range; performing a hexavalent chromium reduction treatment on the wastewater after the cyanide secondary treatment by adding acid liquor for adjusting a pH value of the wastewater to a preset acidity range and adding a sulfite solution; and performing neutralization flocculation, solid-liquid separation, and sand filtration on the wastewater after the hexavalent chromium reduction treatment sequentially to obtain dischargeable water meeting a preset standard. The method can effectively remove harmful substances such as cyanide, chromium, copper and zinc, to thereby reduce environmental pollution and save treatment costs.