Disclosed are methods, apparatuses and systems for the remediation of contaminated soils, groundwater, water, and/or waste using a combination of reagents. The disclosed methods may be used to treat various recalcitrant halogenated substances, such as perfluoroalkyls and polyfluoroalkyls. Particular combinations of reagents that may be used in the disclosed methods include but are not limited to: (1) persulfate, oxygen and ozone; (2) persulfate, salt, oxygen and ozone; (3) persulfate, phosphate, and/or oxygen; (4) persulfate, phosphate, oxygen and ozone; (5) persulfate, phosphate, salt and oxygen (6) persulfate, phosphate, salt, oxygen and ozone; (7) oxygen and salt; and (8) air and salt. The disclosed methods may enhance destruction of organic contaminants in the liquid phase and may also control the rate of aerosol or foam formation relative to the rate of chemical oxidation and/or reduction/transfer.

The present disclosure belongs to the field of environmental protection and relates to a method for remediating groundwater chlorophenols organic contamination. The method includes determining a location of a contamination source; setting up an injection well based on the location of the contamination source; and injecting a remediation reagent into groundwater in a to-be-remediated region through the injection well so as to degrade chlorophenols organic contamination in the groundwater in the to-be-remediated region.

An electrochemical reduction system includes an electrochemical reduction reactor. The electrochemical reduction reactor includes a housing having an internal fluid flow-path. A cathode having an outer, reducing, reactive surface is disposed within the internal fluid flow-path. An anode having an outer, oxidizing, reactive surface is also disposed within the internal fluid flow-path. At least portions of the cathode outer, reducing, reactive surface and the anode outer, oxidizing, reactive surface are separated by an electroactive gap.

An induced symbiotic osmosis system and method for treating produced fluids from a hydraulic fracturing process or system for symbiotic fluids fractionation, salinity power generation, brines and salts solution reverse osmosis. The system includes a reverse osmosis membrane assembly to create potable water from produced water. The membrane assembly includes a hollow fiber or flat sheet membrane and headers to transfer desalinated water therefrom. The system can include an electro coagulation system, an ultra or nano filtration system, and a desalter to treat the produced water or brine. A heat exchanger can be positioned between adjacent reverse osmosis membrane assemblies. An osmotic power generation unit can create electrical power by receiving and utilizing produce water and brine water from a brine storage. The system reduces the release of global warming contributing gases associated with hydraulic fracturing, while producing potable water and power.

An electrochemically reactive membrane filtration system that exhibits antifouling characteristics, high surface reactivity and removal of organic pollutants and microbes in water. Such electrochemically reactive membrane systems can be incorporated as a core part of point-of-use (POU) water treatment and disinfection devices that exhibit performance of water purification at the endpoint of drinking water supply (e.g., tap water or pure water machine) and warrant the drinking water quality.

The invention regards a composite for environmental remediation, comprising: one or more green rust compound(s) or green rust precursor(s), andone or more biochar(s).

The present disclosure relates to a toxic waste treatment process and treatment apparatus including: a temperature raising operation of raising a temperature of a toxic waste solid to a heat treatment temperature selected from 300? C. to 600? C. at an average temperature raising rate of 5? C./min or less; and a heat treatment operation of heat-treating the toxic waste solid at the heat treatment temperature.

A method and system for the reduction of contamination in soil and groundwater is provided. Cyclic oligosaccharides can be used, for example, to carry oxidants, carry activators, solubilize organic contaminants and promote biodegradation.

Chemically oxidizing a wide range of targeted contaminants in soils, sludges, and groundwater and assisting in the eventual (over time) biological attenuation of the contaminants utilizing persulfates activated by BOF steel slag and iron species, such as ferric iron. The use of BOF steel slag and iron species to activate persulfate results in a formation of persulfate-based reactive species and ferrate (pH stabilized) for multiple chemical oxidation processes that rapidly degrade target contaminants. Furthermore, residual iron sulfate supports biodegradation of partially oxidized compounds.

The invention is a sediment capping structure which utilizes material comprised of an activated carbon physically attached to sand particles. Attachment of the sorbent material to sand particles improves particle density and heterogeneous delivery of the sorptive layer of the sediment cap.