The Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process creates significant amounts of water. The invention provides an aqueous composition comprising specified amounts of dissolved and suspended solids, low chemical oxygen demand and low chlorine demand, pH in the range of 6.5 to 8.0, where the aqueous composition comprises organic carbon derived from fossil sources.

A process for continuously treating a stream of water (for example, a stream of oil and gas well wastewater) to remove contaminants therefrom is provided. The process comprises: a) testing the stream of water to determine if it contains biological matter and, if necessary, removing biological matter from the stream; b) testing the pH level of the stream and, if necessary, adjusting the pH level of the stream; c) separating the stream of water into a sludge discharge stream and a separator unit effluent stream; d) separating the separator unit effluent stream into a steam discharge stream and a concentrated brine stream; and e) separating the concentrated brine stream into a chlorine gas stream and at least one of a sodium stream and a calcium stream. A corresponding system is also provided.

The present disclosure describes a method including: receiving input data from a gas and oil separation plant (GOSP), wherein: one or more demulsifiers is being injected into an emulsion to achieve a separation, a plurality of flow rates of water and the one or more demulsifiers are being measured inside the GOSP, the input data comprises the plurality of flow rates as well as temperatures corresponding to the plurality of flow rates, and determining, for each of the one or more demulsifiers, efficiencies of the separation based on the flow rates measured at corresponding temperatures; grouping respective efficiencies of separation according to a set of temperature ranges; and generating, for at least one temperature range, a histogram for the at least one temperature range; ranking the one or more demulsifiers according to the histogram; and providing a feedback to indicate a ranked order of the one or more demulsifiers.

A process is disclosed for treating water, such as wastewater, with ozone under alkaline and acidic conditions to decompose and remove acrolein and acrolein byproducts from the water and/or wastewater. The process is able to lower the concentration of acrolein and acrolein byproducts from water to a sufficiently low level suitable for discharge to a municipal sewer collection system with reduced occurrence of the decomposition by-products of acrolein converting back to acrolein in the water. One embodiment of the process treats contaminated water containing acrolein with ozone by sparging or bubbling ozone through the contaminated water. The contaminated water can be treated with ozone where the contaminated water is initially adjusted to a pH greater than 7.0 for a time to convert at least a portion of the acrolein to 3-hydroxypropanal to obtain a partially treated water. The pH of the partially treated water is then adjusted to a pH below 7.0 while continuing the ozone treatment for a time sufficient to react with and decompose the 3-hydroxypropanal to inhibit the conversion of 3-hydroxypropanal back to acrolein.

Methods and systems for reducing the concentration of selenocyanate in water. In the methods and systems, water containing selenocyanate is treated an oxidant to provide oxidant-treated water, which is then contacted with a zero-valent iron treatment system comprising (a) a reactive solid comprising zero-valent iron and one or more iron oxide minerals in contact therewith and (b) ferrous iron.

In an embodiment, a circuit includes: a transformer defining an inductive footprint within a first layer; a grounded shield bounded by the inductive footprint within a second layer separate from the first layer; and a circuit component bounded by the inductive footprint within a third layer separate from the second layer, wherein: the circuit component is coupled with the transformer through the second layer, and the third layer is separated from the first layer by the second layer.

Metals, such as mercury, may be removed from glycol fluids by applying a sulfur compound having the general formula HS—X, wherein X is a heteroatom-substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and/or alkylaryl group either alone or in combination with or as a blend with at least one antifoam additive, at least one demulsifier and/or a buffering agent, to chelate the at least one metal and form a chelate complex of the sulfur compound with the at least one metal and then separating the chelate complex from the fluid.

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for the remediation of contaminated solids and liquids. In particular, embodiments of the present invention relate to the bioremediation of solids and liquids by a composition comprising a biocatalyst or mixture of biocatalysts. The present invention also relates to methods for producing the bioremediation compositions and methods for applying the bioremediation compositions to contaminated sites, including treatment, storage, and disposal facilities, as well as various contaminated water sources, such as aquifers and reservoirs.

An evaporator apparatus, system, and method can be utilized for separating, purifying, and refining contaminated fluids. The evaporator comprises a burner, a conically shaped heat sink to form an evaporate from the fluids with profiles arranged on the liquid contacting surface a unique multiple surfaced apparatus for collecting the evaporate, condensing the evaporate as purified water separating it from the evaporator, a device for collecting the unevaporated brine.

Systems and methods to enhance the removal of inorganic contaminants, including metals, from hydrocarbon feedstocks at a refinery. One or more embodiments of such systems and methods may be used to provide a renewable hydrocarbon feedstock having a reduced amount of metal contaminants. The reduction of metal contaminants in the renewable hydrocarbon feedstock mitigates catalyst fouling and/or deactivation during downstream refinery processing of the renewable hydrocarbon feedstock.