Systems and methods for treatment of an effluent stream are disclosed. In an aspect, a system can comprise an input configured to receive a brine solution, a purification component in communication with the input and configured to receive the brine solution therefrom, the purification component comprising activated carbon, wherein the brine solution is caused to pass through the activated carbon to produce a purified solution, and an output in communication with the purification component to receive the purified solution therefrom.

Solids can be removed from waste water and process water using a system including a magnetic flux chamber, a phase separator, and a filtration system by employing chemical injection of select additives. This system can remove solids having an average diameter of less than 0.1 microns (0.0001 mm). Select media may also be employed to enhance solids removal process water.

A method for removing a fluorine-containing compound from discharge water, which includes bringing discharge water containing two or more fluorine-containing compounds represented by the following general formula (1) or (2) into contact with an adsorbent so as to adsorb the two or more fluorine-containing compounds:
(H(CF.sub.2).sub.mCOO).sub.pM.sup.1General Formula (1):
wherein m is 3 to 19, M.sup.1 is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.b.sub.4, where R.sup.b is the same or different and is H or an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, imidazolium optionally having a substituent, pyridinium optionally having a substituent, or phosphonium optionally having a substituent; and p is 1 or 2;
(H(CF.sub.2).sub.nSO.sub.3).sub.qM.sup.2General Formula (2):
wherein n is 4 to 20; M.sup.2 is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.b.sub.4, where R.sup.b is the same as above, imidazolium optionally having a substituent, pyridinium optionally having a substituent, or phosphonium optionally having a substituent; and q is 1 or 2.

Disclosed herein are materials and methods related to the removal of a polyfluorinated alkyl compound from water. The materials contain both fluorine and an ion, which materials can be used as a network to remove the polyfluorinated alkyl compound from water.

A method for purifying of waste water includes: supplying a mixed stream, in which wastewater including water, a nitrile-based monomer, and ammonia and an acid component are mixed, to a first column; condensing an upper discharge stream of the first column, supplying the condensed stream to a decanter to separate the stream into a water layer and an organic layer, and supplying components of the organic layer to a second column; and separating a by-product from a lower discharge stream of the second column, and recovering the nitrile-based monomer from an upper discharge stream of the second column.

The invention relates to a water treatment plant for the treatment of a first process water of a first process water circuit and a second process water of a second process water circuit, comprising a first purification circuit and a second purification circuit. Further, the invention relates to a purification plant comprising two process water circuits and a water treatment plant of this kind, and a method for water treatment of process water of two process water circuits.

In one or more embodiments, the present invention relates to a method for producing a polyhydroxybutyrate-based resin. The method includes (a) disrupting or solubilizing microbial cells containing a polyhydroxybutyrate-based resin, and (b) separating the polyhydroxybutyrate-based resin from a composition obtained by the process (a). The process (a) and the process (b) use water with a calcium ion concentration of 4.5 mg/L or less. The water used in the process (a) and the process (b) is preferably obtained by subjecting wastewater that is discharged from the production process of the polyhydroxybutyrate-based resin to microbial anaerobic and aerobic treatments, subsequently pre-filtration by a membrane bioreactor process, and further filtration with a calcium ion removal membrane. This method provides the polyhydroxybutyrate-based resin with good color tone and high thermal stability.