Fly ash and/or rice husk ash is molten in a submerged combustion melter, possibly together with fluxing agent and/or further vitrifiable material, and vitrified upon cooling.

Fly ash and/or rice husk ash is molten in a submerged combustion melter, possibly together with fluxing agent and/or further vitrifiable material, and vitrified upon cooling.

Described herein are glass forming apparatuses with cooled muffle assemblies and methods for using the same to form glass ribbons. According to one embodiment, a muffle assembly for a fusion forming apparatus may include a muffle frame comprising a back wall, a front wall opposite the back wall, and a pair of sidewalls joining the front wall to the back wall in a closed-loop. At least one first cooling tube may extend through the back wall and the front wall across the closed-loop. At least one second cooling tube may extend through the back wall and the front wall across the closed loop such that the at least one second cooling tube is spaced apart from and parallel with the at least one first cooling tube.

Described herein are glass forming apparatuses with cooled muffle assemblies and methods for using the same to form glass ribbons. According to one embodiment, a muffle assembly for a fusion forming apparatus may include a muffle frame comprising a back wall, a front wall opposite the back wall, and a pair of sidewalls joining the front wall to the back wall in a closed-loop. At least one first cooling tube may extend through the back wall and the front wall across the closed-loop. At least one second cooling tube may extend through the back wall and the front wall across the closed loop such that the at least one second cooling tube is spaced apart from and parallel with the at least one first cooling tube.

A glass product manufacturing apparatus and a method of manufacturing glass products are disclosed. The glass product manufacturing apparatus includes a melting vessel, a support grating configured to support an outer wall of the melting vessel, a cooling module configured to cool the outer wall of the melting vessel, on the support grating, and a support frame detachably fastened to the support grating to limit a movement of the support grating. By using the glass product manufacturing apparatus and the method of manufacturing glass products, high energy efficiency is maintained even when operating, and a defect rate is reduced.

A glass product manufacturing apparatus and a method of manufacturing glass products are disclosed. The glass product manufacturing apparatus includes a melting vessel, a support grating configured to support an outer wall of the melting vessel, a cooling module configured to cool the outer wall of the melting vessel, on the support grating, and a support frame detachably fastened to the support grating to limit a movement of the support grating. By using the glass product manufacturing apparatus and the method of manufacturing glass products, high energy efficiency is maintained even when operating, and a defect rate is reduced.

A cooling panel for a melter and method for fabricating the cooling panel are disclosed. In particular, the cooling panel can include first and second outer walls and a plurality of side walls coupled to the outer walls that define an interior space. A plurality of baffles is disposed in the interior space, where projections in the baffles fit into respective openings in the outer walls and can be connected from outside the cooling panel. The cooling panel can be formed by way of welding and/or additive manufacturing, as discussed herein.

A cooling panel for a melter and method for fabricating the cooling panel are disclosed. In particular, the cooling panel can include first and second outer walls and a plurality of side walls coupled to the outer walls that define an interior space. A plurality of baffles is disposed in the interior space, where projections in the baffles fit into respective openings in the outer walls and can be connected from outside the cooling panel. The cooling panel can be formed by way of welding and/or additive manufacturing, as discussed herein.

Fly ash and/or rice husk ash is molten in a submerged combustion melter, possibly together with fluxing agent and/or further vitrifiable material, and vitrified upon cooling.

Fly ash and/or rice husk ash is molten in a submerged combustion melter, possibly together with fluxing agent and/or further vitrifiable material, and vitrified upon cooling.