An embodiment of the invention relates to an optical device which is capable of realizing a secondary nonlinear optical phenomenon. The optical device is a fiber-type optical device which is comprised of glass containing SiO.sub.2, and includes a core region, a first cladding region, and a second cladding region. At least a part of a glass region configured by the core region and the first cladding region has such a repetition structure that a first section serving as a poled crystal region and a second section serving as an amorphous region are alternately disposed along a longitudinal direction of the optical device.

The present invention relates to a composition and a process for the production of a molding made of high-purity transparent quartz glass, by means of additive manufacturing.

The present invention provides a glass sheet having a good property of blocking transmission of ultraviolet light, having a low to moderate visible transmittance, being relatively thin, being capable of substantially blocking transmission of solar ultraviolet light, and also having a good solar shielding property. The glass sheet of the present invention has a thickness of 1 to 5 mm, a Tuv 380 of 1.5% or less, a Tuv 400 of 2.5% or less, a visible transmittance (YA) of 5 to 40%, and a solar transmittance (TG) of 5 to 45%, and is formed from a glass composition, wherein the glass composition includes: 1.0 to 5.0 wt % T-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3; 1.0 to 5.0 wt % TiO.sub.2; and 50 to 600 wt. ppm CoO as coloring components in addition to predetermined base composition, a FeO ratio is 5 to 40%, and the sum of T-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 multiplied by 2 and TiO.sub.2 is 7.0% or more.

The present application provides a preparation method for a core-shell structured tungsten/gadolinium oxide functional fiber for X and ? ray protection, comprising: first preparing a core-shell structured tungsten/gadolinium oxide powder; preparing a W@Gd.sub.2O.sub.3/PP blended melt from the powder; and preparing a W@Gd.sub.2O.sub.3/PP composite fiber from the blended melt. The core-shell structured tungsten/gadolinium oxide functional fiber prepared by the method can play a role in synergistic protection in the aspect of radiation protection, eliminate a weak protection area, and effectively absorb secondary radiation generated by radiation. Secondly, the prepared functional fiber has the characteristics of no lead and light weight, and has good application prospects in the aspect of X and ? ray radiation protection.

An optical fibre, for use in the field of distributed measurement of temperature or deformation by optical reflectometry in the frequency domain using the Rayleigh backscattered signal in the fibre, includes a core doped with nanoparticles for example formed from gold particles covered with zirconium oxide, and can be subjected to high temperatures during the measurement. A method for producing the optical fibre includes a step of heat treatment during which the optical fibre is subjected, for a duration of at least one hour, to a heat treatment temperature higher than a maximum temperature to which it will be subjected during a measurement.

A continuous sol-gel process for producing silicate-containing glasses and glass ceramics is proposed, comprising the following steps: (a) continuously feeding a silicon tetraalkoxide, a silicon alkoxide with at least one non-alcoholic functional group and an alcohol into a first reactor (R1), and at least partially hydrolyzing by the addition of a mineral acid to obtain a first product stream (A); (b) continuously providing a second product stream (B) in a second reactor (R2) by feeding a metal alkoxide component or continuously mixing an alcohol and a metal alkoxide component; (c) continuously mixing product streams (A) and (B) in a third reactor (R3) for producing a presol to obtain a third product stream (C); (d) continuously adding water or a diluted acid to the product stream (C) to obtain a sol (gelation); (e) continuously filling the emerging sol into molds to obtain an aquagel; (f) drying the aquagels to obtain xerogels; (g) sintering the xerogels to obtain silicate-containing glasses and glass ceramics.

The present embodiment relates to an optical device or the like that is high in non-linearity and resistance to UV light and includes a structure allowing stable wavelength conversion. The optical device is comprised of glass containing SiO.sub.2 and comprises a repetitive structure including first sections being crystallized regions in which a radial polarization-ordered structure is formed and second sections being non-crystallized regions alternately arranged along a center axis extending from a center of a light-incidence end face toward a center of a light-emission end face.

The present application provides a preparation method for a core-shell structured tungsten/gadolinium oxide functional fiber for X and ? ray protection, comprising: first preparing a core-shell structured tungsten/gadolinium oxide powder; preparing a W@Gd.sub.2O.sub.3/PP blended melt from the powder; and preparing a W@Gd.sub.2O.sub.3/PP composite fiber from the blended melt. The core-shell structured tungsten/gadolinium oxide functional fiber prepared by the method can play a role in synergistic protection in the aspect of radiation protection, eliminate a weak protection area, and effectively absorb secondary radiation generated by radiation. Secondly, the prepared functional fiber has the characteristics of no lead and light weight, and has good application prospects in the aspect of X and ? ray radiation protection.

Glass fibers have a chemical composition that includes the following constituents, in a weight content that varies within the limits defined below: SiO.sub.2 50-70%, Al.sub.2O.sub.3 0-5%, CaO+MgO 0-7%, Na.sub.2O 5-15%, K.sub.2O 0-10%, BaO 2-10%, SrO 2-10%, ZnO<2%, and B.sub.2O.sub.3 5-15%.

Methods of reshaping ferrules (20) used in optical fiber cables assemblies (170) are disclosed. The reshaping methods reduce a core-to-ferrule concentricity error (E), which improves coupling efficiency and optical transmission. The methods include measuring a distance () and angular direction () from a true center (30) of the ferrule to the core (46), wherein the true center (30) is based on an outer surface (26) of the ferrule. The methods also include reshaping at least a portion (26P) of the ferrule (20) to define a new true center (30) of the ferrule (20) and reduce the distance (). A variety of reshaping techniques are also disclosed.