The present disclosure discloses a silicon-lithium-lead system, a conductive paste and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of solar cells. A silicon-lead-lithium oxide frit includes the following composition: Si.sub.a—Pb.sub.b—Li.sub.c—(B.sub.x—Al.sub.y—Bi.sub.z)—M.sub.e—O.sub.f, where, 0<a<0.6, 0<b<0.8, 0<c<0.6, x+y+z=d, the x and the y are not zero at the same time, and the z is greater than zero. In the present disclosure, by adding B.sub.2O.sub.3 and Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, or B.sub.2O.sub.3, Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and Bi.sub.2O.sub.3 at the same time, the prepared frit has greater water resistance, and therefore, a solar cell prepared by using the conductive paste containing glass has good water resistance. In addition, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell prepared by using the conductive paste prepared in the present disclosure can also be maintained, or even be slightly improved.

The present disclosure discloses a lithium-tellurium silicon-lead bismuth multi-component glass-oxide-complex system and conductive paste containing same, belonging to the technical field of solar cells. According to the present disclosure, a “functional modularization” strategy is adopted in a formula design of the glass-oxide-complex system, and glass oxide systems with selective reactivity for different passivation layers are compounded based on the structures, compositions and thicknesses of the passivation layers, so that a paste formula is developed, which is composed of lithium-containing, tellurium-silicon-containing and lead-containing glass oxides. Due to adoption of the modularized formula strategy, active ingredients can be better controlled, and the overall paste formula is more optimized, so that the laminated passivation layers can be selectively burned through to obtain a more balanced contact, and better battery performance on silicon wafers with different passivation layer thicknesses can be achieved, thus achieving excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.

The present disclosure discloses a lithium-tellurium silicon-lead bismuth multi-component glass-oxide-complex system and conductive paste containing same, belonging to the technical field of solar cells. According to the present disclosure, a “functional modularization” strategy is adopted in a formula design of the glass-oxide-complex system, and glass oxide systems with selective reactivity for different passivation layers are compounded based on the structures, compositions and thicknesses of the passivation layers, so that a paste formula is developed, which is composed of lithium-containing, tellurium-silicon-containing and lead-containing glass oxides. Due to adoption of the modularized formula strategy, active ingredients can be better controlled, and the overall paste formula is more optimized, so that the laminated passivation layers can be selectively burned through to obtain a more balanced contact, and better battery performance on silicon wafers with different passivation layer thicknesses can be achieved, thus achieving excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Proposed is a conductive paste for a solar cell electrode. The conductive paste includes a metal powder, a glass frit, and an organic vehicle. The glass frit includes an alkali metal oxide, and the metal powder includes an alkali component.

In one or more embodiment described herein, a precursor of an active material of an electrode of a lead-acid battery may be made by a process that includes forming an active material paste and curing the active material paste to form the precursor of the active material of the electrode of the lead-acid battery. The active material paste may be made by combining at least water, an acid, a glass composition having at least 25 wt. % of a single metal oxide, and lead oxide. The metal oxide may be selected from barium oxide, lead oxide, zinc oxide, or antimony oxide.

The invention relates to a coated glass substrate or glass ceramic substrate with resistant, multi-functional surface properties, including a combination of anti-microbial, anti-reflective and anti-fingerprint properties, or a combination of anti-microbial, anti-reflective and anti-fingerprint properties where the substrate is chemically pre-stressed, or a combination of anti-microbial and anti-reflective properties where the substrate is chemically pre-stressed. The coated glass substrate or glass ceramic substrate exhibits a unique combination of functions which are permanently present and do not exert a negative effect on each other.

The invention relates to a coated glass substrate or glass ceramic substrate with resistant, multi-functional surface properties, including a combination of anti-microbial, anti-reflective and anti-fingerprint properties, or a combination of anti-microbial, anti-reflective and anti-fingerprint properties where the substrate is chemically pre-stressed, or a combination of anti-microbial and anti-reflective properties where the substrate is chemically pre-stressed. The coated glass substrate or glass ceramic substrate exhibits a unique combination of functions which are permanently present and do not exert a negative effect on each other.

A conductive paste for N-type solar cells, comprising (a) 70 to 99.75 wt % of a silver power; (b) 0.1 to 3.0 wt % of an aluminum powder, wherein D50 of the aluminum powder is not larger than 3 μm; (c) 5 to 10 wt % of a glass frit; and (d) 3 to 30 wt % of an organic medium; wherein % is based on the total weight of the paste composition.

A system and method for processing leaded glass are presented, in which glass input is tumbled within the cylinder of a ball mill while it is being exposed to an electrolytic fluid. As the glass input is tumbled, balls within the ball mill pulverize the glass input into pulverized glass input particulate matter thereby exposing lead or other heavy metals contained within the glass input to a surface of the pulverized glass input particulate matter. The exposed lead or other heavy metals are largely dissolved by the electrolytic fluid leaving a mostly lead or heavy metal free pulverized glass input particulate matter. A reagent is applied to the pulverized glass input particulate matter to neutralize any residual lead or heavy metal within the pulverized glass input particulate matter thereby allowing the processed pulverized glass input particulate matter to pass a Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) environmental test.

A system and method for processing leaded glass are presented, in which glass input is tumbled within the cylinder of a ball mill while it is being exposed to an electrolytic fluid. As the glass input is tumbled, balls within the ball mill pulverize the glass input into pulverized glass input particulate matter thereby exposing lead or other heavy metals contained within the glass input to a surface of the pulverized glass input particulate matter. The exposed lead or other heavy metals are largely dissolved by the electrolytic fluid leaving a mostly lead or heavy metal free pulverized glass input particulate matter. A reagent is applied to the pulverized glass input particulate matter to neutralize any residual lead or heavy metal within the pulverized glass input particulate matter thereby allowing the processed pulverized glass input particulate matter to pass a Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) environmental test.