Provided is a chemically strengthened optical glass with improved crack resistance and high hardness, in which the refractive index, the Abbe number, and the transmittance required for a conventional optical glass are maintained.

The chemically strengthened optical glass includes a compressive stress layer on a surface, and contains, by mass % in terms of oxide: 20.0% to 50.0% of a SiO.sub.2 component, 10.0% to 45.0% of a TiO.sub.2 component, and 0.1 to 20.0% of a Na.sub.2O component, and the chemically strengthened optical glass is characterized in that an Hv change rate defined as [(Hv.sub.after−Hv.sub.before)/Hv.sub.before]×100 is equal to or greater than 3.0%.

An environment-friendly glass material, including components like SiO.sub.2, ZnO, alkali metal oxide and S, but does not contain Cd, wherein when the thickness of the environment-friendly glass material is 3 mm, the cutoff wavelength is above 550 nm, the transmittance at 800-850 nm is above 75%, the transmittance at 850-900 nm is above 80%, the transmittance at 900-1000 nm is above 83%, and the transmittance at 1000-2000 nm is above 85%. Through rational component design, the glass material of the present invention realizes environmental protection, UV and visible light cutoff, and high near-infrared transmittance at the same time.

An environment-friendly glass material, including components like SiO.sub.2, ZnO, alkali metal oxide and S, but does not contain Cd, wherein when the thickness of the environment-friendly glass material is 3 mm, the cutoff wavelength is above 550 nm, the transmittance at 800-850 nm is above 75%, the transmittance at 850-900 nm is above 80%, the transmittance at 900-1000 nm is above 83%, and the transmittance at 1000-2000 nm is above 85%. Through rational component design, the glass material of the present invention realizes environmental protection, UV and visible light cutoff, and high near-infrared transmittance at the same time.

A glass tube for pharmaceutical containers is provided. The tube has an inner surface at an inner diameter, an outer surface with an outer diameter, a first end defining a first closed end, a second end defining a first closed end, a first location 400 mm from the first end, a first intermediate location 15 mm from the first end, and a ventilation hole at a first vicinity. The first vicinity is between the first intermediate location and the first location. The glass tube can have a ratio of an integrated Na.sub.2F.sup.+ signal to an integrated .sup.30Si.sup.+ signal of at least 0.10, where the integrated Na.sub.2F.sup.+ signal and the integrated .sup.30Si.sup.+ signal are integrated over a depth of 100 nm. The glass tube can have a ratio between a fluorescence emission determined at a first vicinity and a fluorescence emission determined at a middle section of at least 0.6.

A glass tube for pharmaceutical containers is provided. The tube has an inner surface at an inner diameter, an outer surface with an outer diameter, a first end defining a first closed end, a second end defining a first closed end, a first location 400 mm from the first end, a first intermediate location 15 mm from the first end, and a ventilation hole at a first vicinity. The first vicinity is between the first intermediate location and the first location. The glass tube can have a ratio of an integrated Na.sub.2F.sup.+ signal to an integrated .sup.30Si.sup.+ signal of at least 0.10, where the integrated Na.sub.2F.sup.+ signal and the integrated .sup.30Si.sup.+ signal are integrated over a depth of 100 nm. The glass tube can have a ratio between a fluorescence emission determined at a first vicinity and a fluorescence emission determined at a middle section of at least 0.6.

An antibacterial glass composite, a method of manufacturing antibacterial glass powder using an antibacterial glass composite, and a home appliance including an antibacterial glass composite. The antibacterial glass composition secures antibacterial activity and water resistance at the same time using a content ratio of a modified oxide and a network-forming oxide. As a result, as the antibacterial glass composition, the method for preparing the antibacterial glass power, and the household electrical appliance comprising the antibacterial glass composite use antimicrobial having non-elution characteristics, remarkable effects may be exhibited in preventing bacterial or mold contamination when used as a coating agent on a component element that is in contract with drinking water.

An antibacterial glass composite, a method of manufacturing antibacterial glass powder using an antibacterial glass composite, and a home appliance including an antibacterial glass composite. The antibacterial glass composition secures antibacterial activity and water resistance at the same time using a content ratio of a modified oxide and a network-forming oxide. As a result, as the antibacterial glass composition, the method for preparing the antibacterial glass power, and the household electrical appliance comprising the antibacterial glass composite use antimicrobial having non-elution characteristics, remarkable effects may be exhibited in preventing bacterial or mold contamination when used as a coating agent on a component element that is in contract with drinking water.

A coated glass or glass ceramic substrate includes a substrate with a surface area and a coating on that surface area. The coating includes a glass matrix and IR-reflecting pigments. The IR-reflecting pigments have a TSR value of at least 20%, as determined according to ASTM G 173. The coating, at a wavelength of 1500 nm, exhibits a remission of at least 35%, as measured according to ISO 13468.

A coated glass or glass ceramic substrate includes a substrate with a surface area and a coating on that surface area. The coating includes a glass matrix and IR-reflecting pigments. The IR-reflecting pigments have a TSR value of at least 20%, as determined according to ASTM G 173. The coating, at a wavelength of 1500 nm, exhibits a remission of at least 35%, as measured according to ISO 13468.

A glass tube element having a hollow cylindrical section with a shell having an outer diameter is provided. A first ratio is a difference value to a mean value. The difference value is a difference of a minimal and maximal value of the outer diameter. The mean value is a mean of the minimal and maximal values. A sub-section having a start, an end, and a distance of 1 meter measured along a straight line from the start to the end and intersecting with a center axis of the sub-section at the start and the end. The sub-section having, for every point of the center axis, a shortest distance to the straight line. A second ratio of a specific distance to 1 meter, the specific distance being defined as a largest of all shortest distances. A product of the first and second ratio is smaller than 4×10.sup.−6.