A method of manufacturing a window member includes performing a first reinforcement operation including performing a first ion-exchange treatment on an initial window member. The first ion-exchange treatment includes applying ion salts at a temperature equal to or greater than a first temperature of about 500° C. A stress relief operation includes performing a heat treatment and/or a salt treatment on the initial window member to which the first reinforcement operation is performed. A second reinforcement operation includes performing a second ion-exchange treatment on the initial window member to which the stress relief operation is performed.

A glass member for a housing of an electronic device may include an aluminosilicate glass substrate defining a first surface of the glass member, the first surface having a first surface roughness, a fused composite coating bonded to a portion of the aluminosilicate glass substrate and defining a second surface of the glass member, the second surface having a second surface roughness greater than the first surface roughness, a first ion-exchanged layer extending into the glass member and through the fused composite coating, and a second ion-exchanged layer extending into the glass member from the first surface. The fused composite coating may include an amorphous glass matrix and a crystalline material dispersed in the amorphous glass matrix.

A glass member for a housing of an electronic device may include an aluminosilicate glass substrate defining a first surface of the glass member, the first surface having a first surface roughness, a fused composite coating bonded to a portion of the aluminosilicate glass substrate and defining a second surface of the glass member, the second surface having a second surface roughness greater than the first surface roughness, a first ion-exchanged layer extending into the glass member and through the fused composite coating, and a second ion-exchanged layer extending into the glass member from the first surface. The fused composite coating may include an amorphous glass matrix and a crystalline material dispersed in the amorphous glass matrix.

A glass-ceramic article includes from 60 mol % to 72 mol % SiO2; from 2.5 mol % to 8 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; from 17 mol % to 26 mol % Li.sub.2O; from 0.2 mol % to 4 mol % ZrO.sub.2; and from 0.5 mol % to 2 mol % P.sub.2O.sub.5. The sum of alkaline earth oxides and transitional metal oxides in the glass-ceramic article may be from 0.1 mol % to 6 mol %, wherein alkaline earth oxides is the sum of CaO, MgO, SrO, and BaO and transition metal oxides is the sum of La.sub.2O.sub.3, Y.sub.2O.sub.3, Ta.sub.2O.sub.5, and GeO.sub.2. The sum of P.sub.2O.sub.5 and ZrO.sub.2 in the glass-ceramic article may be from 1 mol % to 6 mol %. The glass-ceramic article may comprise a crystalline phase comprising lithium disilicate and petalite. The total amount of lithium disilicate and petalite in the crystalline phase of the glass-ceramic article may be greater than 50 wt %, based on a total weight of the crystalline phase.

Method for fixing a glass interior trim element into a motor vehicle. The invention relates to method for fixing a glass trim element into a motor vehicle's interior characterized in that the method comprises a step of fixation of the glass element to a support to provide an assembly that is integrated to motor vehicle's interior body.

Method for fixing a glass interior trim element into a motor vehicle. The invention relates to method for fixing a glass trim element into a motor vehicle's interior characterized in that the method comprises a step of fixation of the glass element to a support to provide an assembly that is integrated to motor vehicle's interior body.

A glass for chemical strengthening has a Young's modulus E of 70 GPa or more. The glass satisfies X.sub.1+X.sub.2+X.sub.3 being 1760 or less. Here, X.sub.1 is a numerical value equivalent to a value [unit: kPa/° C.] obtained by multiplying the Young's modulus E by an average coefficient α of thermal expansion at 50° C. to 350° C., X.sub.2 is a numeral value equivalent to a value of a temperature Tf [unit: ° C.] at which a viscosity of the glass reaches 100 MPa.Math.s, and X.sub.3 is a numerical value equivalent to a value of a difference [unit: 10.sup.5 Pa.Math.s] between the viscosity (100 MPa.Math.s) at the Tf and a viscosity η.sub.+10 at a temperature 10° C. higher than the Tf.

A glass for chemical strengthening has a Young's modulus E of 70 GPa or more. The glass satisfies X.sub.1+X.sub.2+X.sub.3 being 1760 or less. Here, X.sub.1 is a numerical value equivalent to a value [unit: kPa/° C.] obtained by multiplying the Young's modulus E by an average coefficient α of thermal expansion at 50° C. to 350° C., X.sub.2 is a numeral value equivalent to a value of a temperature Tf [unit: ° C.] at which a viscosity of the glass reaches 100 MPa.Math.s, and X.sub.3 is a numerical value equivalent to a value of a difference [unit: 10.sup.5 Pa.Math.s] between the viscosity (100 MPa.Math.s) at the Tf and a viscosity η.sub.+10 at a temperature 10° C. higher than the Tf.

Concrete may be melted to form a glass product. Methods and batch compositions including concrete may be used to produce amorphous silica materials including, but not limited to, glass, container glass, fiber glass, glass bead, glass spheres, sheet or plate glass, glass aggregate, glass sand, abrasives, proppants, foamed glass, and manufactured glass articles. The initial processing steps include preparing a melt batch comprising concrete and, optionally, other components, melting the melt batch, and cooling the melted melt batch. Further processing steps may be utilized to produce the glass article.

Concrete may be melted to form a glass product. Methods and batch compositions including concrete may be used to produce amorphous silica materials including, but not limited to, glass, container glass, fiber glass, glass bead, glass spheres, sheet or plate glass, glass aggregate, glass sand, abrasives, proppants, foamed glass, and manufactured glass articles. The initial processing steps include preparing a melt batch comprising concrete and, optionally, other components, melting the melt batch, and cooling the melted melt batch. Further processing steps may be utilized to produce the glass article.