An ultraviolet light absorbing glass according to the present invention includes 1.6% or more of t-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, more than 1.0% of TiO.sub.2, and 0.016% or more of CoO. The ultraviolet light absorbing glass has t-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 of 1.2 or more, and an ultraviolet light transmittance (TUV400) at a sheet thickness of 3.1 mm of 2.0% or less, a ratio of visible light transmittance (TVA)/TUV400 of 10 or more, and a dominant wavelength (λD) of 555 nm or less.

A glass ceramic seal is formed from a precursor material that includes from 80 mol % to 100 mol % of a primary component containing, on an oxide basis, from 25 mol % to 55 mol % SiO.sub.2, from 20 mol % to 45 mol % CaO, from 5 mol % to 30 mol % MgO, and from 0 mol % to 15 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3.

A fining package for a glass composition may include cerium dioxide (CeO.sub.2) and tin oxide (SnO.sub.2). CeO.sub.2 may be present in an amount of 0.08 to 0.5 wt % of the glass composition, and SnO.sub.2 may be present in an amount of 0.02 to 0.23 wt % of the glass composition. The glass composition may be used to form glass tubing. The glass tubing may be used to form a pharmaceutical packaging. For example, the pharmaceutical packaging may comprise an ampoule. The fining package may further include chloride (Cl) in an amount of 0 to 0.03 wt % of the glass composition. In some instances, the fining package may be Cl-free. In some instances, the fining package may be F-free. The glass composition may comprise a borosilicate glass composition. The glass composition may comprise an aluminosilicate glass composition.

The present invention provides a red light emitting glass ceramic and a preparation method thereof, and an LED/LD light emitting device. A.sub.2Al.sub.4Si.sub.5O.sub.18:Eu.sup.2+ cordierite of the red light emitting glass ceramic capable of realizing blue light excited red light emission is a crystal phase material, wherein A is at least one of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Zn and at least comprises Mg. The present invention particularly provides the red light emitting glass ceramic taking a chemical formula A.sub.2Al.sub.4Si.sub.5O.sub.18:Eu.sup.2+ as a crystal phase. The present invention further provides a preparation method of the transparent glass ceramic. The glass ceramic comprising the crystal phase, with the chemical formula of Mg.sub.2Al.sub.4Si.sub.5O.sub.18:Eu.sup.2+, is excited by blue light to emit red light, the internal/external quantum efficiencies reaching up to 94.5%/70.6%, respectively.

Disclosed herein are coated articles which may include a substrate and an optical coating that includes one or more layers of deposited material. At least a portion of the optical coating may include a residual compressive stress of more than 100 MPa. The coated article may include a strain-to-failure of 0.4% or more as measured by a Ring-on-Ring Tensile Testing Procedure. The optical coating may include a maximum hardness of 8 GPa or more and an average photopic transmission of 50% or greater.

Disclosed herein are coated articles which may include a substrate and an optical coating that includes one or more layers of deposited material. At least a portion of the optical coating may include a residual compressive stress of more than 100 MPa. The coated article may include a strain-to-failure of 0.4% or more as measured by a Ring-on-Ring Tensile Testing Procedure. The optical coating may include a maximum hardness of 8 GPa or more and an average photopic transmission of 50% or greater.

A glass ceramic seal contains by weight, on an oxide basis 40-60% of SiO.sub.2, 25-28% of BaO, 10-20% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 8-12% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 0-2% of ZrO.sub.2, 0-1% of Y.sub.2O.sub.3, 0-1% of CaO, and 0-1% of MgO.

A glass composition includes SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, optionally B.sub.2O.sub.3, optionally Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, optionally K.sub.2O, optionally CaO, optionally MgO; and optionally ZnO in certain ranges. R.sub.2O+R′O is less than or equal to 25 mol %, where R.sub.2O is the sum of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, and K.sub.2O and R′O is the sum of CaO, MgO, and ZnO. And, the glass composition includes colorants, such as NiO, CO.sub.3O.sub.4, Cr.sub.2O.sub.3, CuO, and CeO.sub.2 in certain ranges. Further, the constituents are arranged so as to facilitate low diectric, high toughness, desired color, and high strength.

A glass composition includes SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, optionally B.sub.2O.sub.3, optionally Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, optionally K.sub.2O, optionally CaO, optionally MgO; and optionally ZnO in certain ranges. R.sub.2O+R′O is less than or equal to 25 mol %, where R.sub.2O is the sum of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, and K.sub.2O and R′O is the sum of CaO, MgO, and ZnO. And, the glass composition includes colorants, such as NiO, CO.sub.3O.sub.4, Cr.sub.2O.sub.3, CuO, and CeO.sub.2 in certain ranges. Further, the constituents are arranged so as to facilitate low diectric, high toughness, desired color, and high strength.

Lithium silicate glass ceramics and precursors thereof are described, which comprise copper and are characterized by very good mechanical and optical properties and can be used in particular as restorative materials in dentistry.