A method for melting and/or refining glass, glass ceramic or glass which can be ceramized to form glass ceramic includes: providing a batch of raw materials; heating the batch until a melt of molten glass is obtained, the batch being heated at least in sections to a temperature above T3 which corresponds to a viscosity of the molten glass of 10.sup.3 dPa*s; refining the melt, the melt being heated at least in sections to a temperature above T2.5 which corresponds to a viscosity of the molten glass of 10.sup.2.5 dPa*s, refining of the melt includes adjusting an oxygen partial pressure p(O.sub.2) which is reduced by at least 60% relative to an O.sub.2 saturation in the melt at temperature T3; and obtaining a re-fined glass, a refined glass ceramic or a refined glass which can be ceramized to form glass ceramic.

A chemically strengthened glass sheet is provided that has a thickness of at least 3.3 mm and at most 6.0 mm and a composition, in mol% on an oxide basis, comprising the following components: SiO.sub.2 65 to 85 B.sub.2O.sub.3 3 to 13 .Math. (R.sub.2O + RO) 3 to 19, wherein R.sub.2O represents any of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, and K.sub.2O, and any combination thereof, and wherein RO represents any of MgO, CaO, SrO and BaO, and any combination thereof.

The present invention relates to a glass for a pharmaceutical container that is excellent in ultraviolet shielding ability, and is also excellent in chemical durability. The glass for a pharmaceutical container of the present invention includes as a glass composition, in terms of mass %, 67% to 81% of SiO.sub.2, more than 4% to 7% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 7% to 14% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 3% to 12% of Na.sub.2O+K.sub.2O, 0% to 1.8% of CaO+BaO, 0.5% to less than 2% of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, and 1% to 5% of TiO.sub.2, and satisfies a relationship of CaO/BaO≤0.5.

The present invention relates to a glass for a pharmaceutical container that is excellent in ultraviolet shielding ability, and is also excellent in chemical durability. The glass for a pharmaceutical container of the present invention includes as a glass composition, in terms of mass %, 67% to 81% of SiO.sub.2, more than 4% to 7% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 7% to 14% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 3% to 12% of Na.sub.2O+K.sub.2O, 0% to 1.8% of CaO+BaO, 0.5% to less than 2% of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, and 1% to 5% of TiO.sub.2, and satisfies a relationship of CaO/BaO≤0.5.

Bulk paint and ceramic powder systems, methods of forming same, and methods of forming a flexible ceramic coating on a metal substrate are disclosed. The systems may include a ceramic composition having between 2 to 30 weight percent of an alkali metal oxide, such as K.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, and Li.sub.2O or mixtures thereof, between 10 to 74 weight percent SiO.sub.2, and between 23 to 79 weight percent B.sub.2O.sub.3. Additives that are nonwetting with molten metals, such as boron nitride, provide durable coatings for metal processing operations. The ceramic composition may include less than 5 weight percent additional metal oxides. The bulk paint system further may include water and a cellulosic suspension agent to form a bulk paint. The ceramic powder system may be processed to form a uniform powder. The bulk paint or uniform powder may be applied to a metal substrate, such as a ferrous metal substrate, dried, and heated to form a flexible coating on the metal substrate.

A colored glass article includes greater than or equal to 50 mol % and less than or equal to 80 mol % SiO.sub.2; greater than or equal to 7 mol % and less than or equal to 25 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; greater than or equal to 1 mol % and less than or equal to 15 mol % B.sub.2O.sub.3; greater than or equal to 5 mol % and less than or equal to 20 mol % Li.sub.2O; greater than or equal to 0.5 mol % and less than or equal to 15 mol % Na.sub.2O; greater than 0 mol % and less than or equal to 1 mol % K.sub.2O; and greater than or equal to 1×10.sup.−6 mol % and less than or equal to 1 mol % Au. R.sub.2O—Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is greater than or equal to −5 mol % and less than or equal to 7 mol %, R.sub.2O being the sum of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, and K.sub.2O.

A pharmaceutical container of the present invention is a pharmaceutical container including at least a container and a coating layer, and is characterized that the coating layer is coated on at least an inner surface of the container and the coating layer contains a silicone-based resin.

A pharmaceutical container of the present invention is a pharmaceutical container including at least a container and a coating layer, and is characterized that the coating layer is coated on at least an inner surface of the container and the coating layer contains a silicone-based resin.

A fining package for a glass composition may include cerium dioxide (CeO.sub.2) and tin oxide (SnO.sub.2). CeO.sub.2 may be present in an amount of 0.08 to 0.5 wt % of the glass composition, and SnO.sub.2 may be present in an amount of 0.02 to 0.23 wt % of the glass composition. The glass composition may be used to form glass tubing. The glass tubing may be used to form a pharmaceutical packaging. For example, the pharmaceutical packaging may comprise an ampoule. The fining package may further include chloride (Cl) in an amount of 0 to 0.03 wt % of the glass composition. In some instances, the fining package may be Cl-free. In some instances, the fining package may be F-free. The glass composition may comprise a borosilicate glass composition. The glass composition may comprise an aluminosilicate glass composition.

A fining package for a glass composition may include cerium dioxide (CeO.sub.2) and tin oxide (SnO.sub.2). CeO.sub.2 may be present in an amount of 0.08 to 0.5 wt % of the glass composition, and SnO.sub.2 may be present in an amount of 0.02 to 0.23 wt % of the glass composition. The glass composition may be used to form glass tubing. The glass tubing may be used to form a pharmaceutical packaging. For example, the pharmaceutical packaging may comprise an ampoule. The fining package may further include chloride (Cl) in an amount of 0 to 0.03 wt % of the glass composition. In some instances, the fining package may be Cl-free. In some instances, the fining package may be F-free. The glass composition may comprise a borosilicate glass composition. The glass composition may comprise an aluminosilicate glass composition.