Optically transparent glass ceramic materials comprising a glass phase containing and a crystalline tungsten bronze phase comprising nanoparticles and having the formula M.sub.xWO.sub.3, where M includes at least one H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cu, Ag, Sn, Cd, In, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and U, and where 0<x<1. Aluminosilicate and zinc-bismuth-borate glasses comprising at least one of Sm.sub.2O.sub.3, Pr.sub.2O.sub.3, and Er.sub.2O.sub.3 are also provided.

Provided are a Faraday rotator and a magneto-optical device which stably provide a Faraday rotation angle of 45° and achieve further size reduction. A Faraday rotator comprises: a magnetic circuit 2 including first to third magnetic materials 11 to 13 each provided with a through hole through which light passes; and a Faraday element 14 disposed in the through hole 2a and made of a paramagnetic material capable of transmitting light therethrough, wherein when a direction where light passes through the through hole 2a is defined as a direction of an optical axis, the first magnetic material 11 is magnetized in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the optical axis to have a north pole located toward the through hole, the second magnetic material 12 is magnetized in a direction parallel to the direction of the optical axis to have a north pole located toward the first magnetic material 11, and the third magnetic material 13 is magnetized in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the optical axis to have a south pole located toward the through hole, a length of the second magnetic material 12 along the direction of the optical axis is equal to or more than 0.5 times a length of the Faraday element 14 along the direction of the optical axis, and the first and third magnetic materials 11, 13 are shorter than the length of the second magnetic material 12 along the direction of the optical axis.

Provided are a Faraday rotator and a magneto-optical device which stably provide a Faraday rotation angle of 45° and achieve further size reduction. A Faraday rotator comprises: a magnetic circuit 2 including first to third magnetic materials 11 to 13 each provided with a through hole through which light passes; and a Faraday element 14 disposed in the through hole 2a and made of a paramagnetic material capable of transmitting light therethrough, wherein the magnetic circuit 2 is formed by coaxial arrangement of the first to third magnetic materials 11 to 13 in this order in a front-to-rear direction, when a direction where light passes through the through hole 2a is defined as a direction of an optical axis, the first magnetic material 11 is magnetized in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the optical axis to have a north pole located toward the through hole, the second magnetic material 12 is magnetized in a direction parallel to the direction of the optical axis to have a north pole located toward the first magnetic material 11, and the third magnetic material 13 is magnetized in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the optical axis to have a south pole located toward the through hole, and a length of the Faraday element 14 along the direction of the optical axis is shorter than a length of the second magnetic material 12 along the direction of the optical axis.

Provided are a Faraday rotator and a magneto-optical device which stably provide a Faraday rotation angle of 45° and achieve further size reduction. A Faraday rotator comprises: a magnetic circuit 2 including first to third magnetic materials 11 to 13 each provided with a through hole through which light passes; and a Faraday element 14 disposed in the through hole 2a and made of a paramagnetic material capable of transmitting light therethrough, wherein the magnetic circuit 2 is formed by coaxial arrangement of the first to third magnetic materials 11 to 13 in this order in a front-to-rear direction, when a direction where light passes through the through hole 2a is defined as a direction of an optical axis, the first magnetic material 11 is magnetized in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the optical axis to have a north pole located toward the through hole, the second magnetic material 12 is magnetized in a direction parallel to the direction of the optical axis to have a north pole located toward the first magnetic material 11, and the third magnetic material 13 is magnetized in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the optical axis to have a south pole located toward the through hole, and a length of the Faraday element 14 along the direction of the optical axis is shorter than a length of the second magnetic material 12 along the direction of the optical axis.

A method for manufacturing a glass wafer for augmented reality applications includes the steps of: providing the raw wafer; edge-grinding of the raw wafer; lapping the raw wafer; rough polishing the raw wafer; fine polishing the raw wafer to obtain an intermediate wafer; gluing the intermediate wafer on a flat carrier; performing single-side polishing of a first main side of the intermediate wafer; and performing single-side polishing of a second main side of the intermediate wafer.

A method for manufacturing a glass wafer for augmented reality applications includes the steps of: providing the raw wafer; edge-grinding of the raw wafer; lapping the raw wafer; rough polishing the raw wafer; fine polishing the raw wafer to obtain an intermediate wafer; gluing the intermediate wafer on a flat carrier; performing single-side polishing of a first main side of the intermediate wafer; and performing single-side polishing of a second main side of the intermediate wafer.

Provided is a glass material that can satisfy both a high Faraday effect and a high light transmittance in a short wavelength range. A glass material contains, in % by mole, 30 to 50% Pr.sub.2O.sub.3 and 0.1 to 70% B.sub.2O.sub.3+P.sub.2O.sub.5.

Provided is a glass material that can satisfy both a high Faraday effect and a high light transmittance in a short wavelength range. A glass material contains, in % by mole, 30 to 50% Pr.sub.2O.sub.3 and 0.1 to 70% B.sub.2O.sub.3+P.sub.2O.sub.5.

A composition comprising glass containing both trivalent cerium oxide and tetravalent cerium oxide states nano particles. A soluble sodium borate glass comprising cerium oxide that is stable against crystallizations, the cerium oxide comprising both trivalent Ce.sup.3+ (Ce.sub.2O.sub.3) and tetravalent Ce.sup.4+ (CeO.sub.2) states, wherein the cerium oxide nano particles are configured to be released when the glass is dissolved.

A composition comprising glass containing both trivalent cerium oxide and tetravalent cerium oxide states nano particles. A soluble sodium borate glass comprising cerium oxide that is stable against crystallizations, the cerium oxide comprising both trivalent Ce.sup.3+ (Ce.sub.2O.sub.3) and tetravalent Ce.sup.4+ (CeO.sub.2) states, wherein the cerium oxide nano particles are configured to be released when the glass is dissolved.